Mephisto Products Ltd

Unit Title: Marketing PrinciplesUnit Code: 4Date Issued: 6th March 2013 Student Name: Andrei OlariuStudent ID: P1003160Due Date: March 2013 Module Leader John HeatherInternal Verifier Name M. Azam Mephisto Products Ltd Mephisto ltd raised from form the idea of an engineer James Watkinson which married the daughter of the owner of a detergent manufacturer, where also realised hi can improve the work in the chemical industries and make it more qualitative and much safer.He started first to manufacture safety devices for his father-in-low and then grow wider because he believed in his product and he introduce it on the market focusing on chemical industry only, but for that needed a plan to penetrate the market. Because the customers did not know about his product and they were not aware of such a device might be needed for their mechanisms a team of salesman’s took the product and successfully sales it over the country.Also started to do some advertising and promotions from some parts of his profits, for a while there were some discounts for larger orders to make potential customers buy the product but Watkinson’s philosophy was: ‘If they want the product badly enough they will wait for it’, as well as: ‘Why offer discounts for larger quantities – if they did not want that many they will not order them. ’ During for five years the business was very successfully, but unlikely its market share dropped drastic when on the market new competition arrived with more innovative products.Now Jim Bullins the senior executive at Mephisto decided is time for a new marketing director to come aboard. What Mephisto Is looking to accomplish with a new marketing director is to establish, expand and maintain relationships with customers and partners. Defined by (AMA 2007): â€Å"Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers , clients, partners, and society at large. Defined by (CIM 2001): â€Å"Marketing is the management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably† The marketing manager has to create a plan that shows all the steps that needs to be undertaken to achieve the business marketing objectives. That plan has to include and not to be limited to: The demand of product and services, a description of its competitors and a stand point of the business and its competitors for their strengths and weaknesses. Also is important to include a description of the product and services rendered with possible future improvements. -An advertising, promotional and loyalty program plan included in the marketing budget. -A pricing strategy. Mephisto believed its product is unique and high quality, which that makes it superior and customers will like it and buy it straight away. The problem on this approach is that’s not enough for a product to b e superior to sell out, unless you satisfy the clients with what they want and what they need.Mephisto should have done a marketing research to help them see what is going on into their marketing environment, like what the customers think about their product, how are their needs changing, the competitors strategies and in which way macro and micro environment affects the business. When realised sales dropped down the company should take in consideration an improvement to the product and some updates to try and stay ahead on the market and not fall beyond their competitors. Benefits of marketing orientation for Mephisto: Is the focus on the customer and their needs and this is just the first step.

The Mississippi Burning: Could the FBI have done more?

Depicted in a 1988 movie and subject of many journals, references, and publications, the Mississippi Burning, otherwise known as the United States vs. Cecil price et. al. case, has been one of the most famous trials in the country. Mississippi Burning revolves around the murder of three civil rights activists in Mississippi, 1964. The victims were Michael Schwerner, James Chaney, and Andy Goodman. The three were in Mississippi to visit the bombed Mt. Zion church, one among the series of twenty black churches bombed on Summer, 1964. In this visit, June 21 of that year, the three were arrested and illegally detained by Deputy Sheriff Cecil Price. It was also Price who turned the three over to the Ku Klux Klan, in a scripted â€Å"release† for the three with the KKK. The bodies of the three, beaten and shot, were found in a dam almost two months after on August 4. (Mississippi Burning Trial: A Chronology, n.d.) The Ku Klux Klan Racists, terrorists, anti-Semitists—the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) have been called many names from their conception in the 1800s. The Klan started out as a group promoting white supremacy. From their beginnings, they have used terrorism, intimidation, and cross burning against African Americans. While they were successfully suppressed, the KKK has found itself reincarnated by modern followers in the 1920s. This second KKK was also suppressed, but was revived when the Civil Rights Movement was activated in the 1960s. The 60s found the Ku Klux Klan of Mississippi associated with crimes against the civil rights activists, most especially in favor of the Black people. The Ku Klux Klan were found guilty, in federal records, for the assassination of Medgar Evers in 1963, as well as in the well-known trial against Cecil Price for the KKK murder of Schwerner, Chaney, and Goodman. The series of bombings of black churches were also accounted to the members of the KKK. Cross burnings throughout this period was also rampant. (Mississippi Burning Trial: A Chronology, n.d.) According to The Ku Klux Klan (n.d.), the most prominent KKK movement in the 60s was the White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, founded by Robert Shelton, who was reported to have heavily employed lynching (mob killing) to discourage black people from voting, in contrary to the Mississippi Summer Project encouraging blacks to vote. Schools, homes and white people supporting the movement have also been victimized by the KKK’s lynching and other forms of intimidation. This acts of intimidation, murder, assassination, manslaughter, and were not â€Å"invented† by the 1960’s KKK of Mississippi. Rather, they are renditions of the original KKK’s acts in the 1800s. The FBI and the 1960’s Racist Violence Behind the successes and failures of the racial discrimination cases in the 1960s, most especially in the South, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) plays a big role. The same case goes in a much publicized case as that of the Mississippi Burning, which interrelates several different racism cases of burning, murder, and civil rights infringements in Mississippi into one highly sensationalized court proceeding. The FBI, though, uses no special means in investigating racist violence at the time. In fact, FBI has had secrets of its own. Glick (n.d.) asserts that the FBI has its way of infiltrating movements in the 1960s, including black movements. In his text, Glick suggests that the FBI has COINTELPRO or counter intelligence program which uses otherwise illegal means of investigation such as infiltration, deception, and harassment to dissolve movements. The main targets were said to be Black movements. Thus, police racism has been existent. There is no known concrete relation between the COINTELPRO and the Mississippi Burning case, however. Could the FBI have done more? 1960s was a period without the present technology that FBI enjoys. FBI investigators had standard procedures to follow, and there is no concrete evidence that they infringed any of these procedures. The Mississippi Burning case was one that has been trialed by the public before the court. Everybody knew who were guilty. Everybody believed Cecil Price and the KKK were to be convicted. That, then the evidences and witnesses affirmed. Thus, the FBI was sufficient and efficient in this respect. However, there are many other cases racism violence and civil rights violation, most of which were not publicized. The FBI has been passive in dealing with these cases. Police racism existed, and if it were true the COINTELPRO worsened the events. The FBI could have devised a special plan to implement anti-racism violence statutes to support the Civil Rights Movement that was active at that time, as it was no ordinary time. Then, it will be known that the FBI has done enough. References Glick, B. (n.d.) COINTELPRO revisited: spying and disruption. Retrieved July 20, 2006, from http://www.whatreallyhappened.com/RANCHO/POLITICS/COINTELPRO/cointelpro-methods.html Ku Klux Klan, The. (n.d.) Ku Klux Klan. Retrieved July 20, 2006, from http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAkkk.htm Mississippi Burning Trial. (n.d.) Mississippi Burning Trial: A Chronology. Retrieved July 20, 2006, from http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/price&bowers/miss_chrono.html   

American Dream Lost

American Dream Lost It is the natural inclination of all men to dream. Some may have short-term goals, and others may have life-long ambitions. Despite what cynics say, the American people are hopeful and waiting for something great. In Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck paints a portrait of characters who, longing for something outside of their monotonous lives, each have a lost dream that supports Steinbecks view that the American dream is a lost cause. Lennies dream to tend to rabbits does not come true because of his own deficiencies and the obstacles of society. As Lennie and George, Lennies companion and protector, travel through the woods to their next ranch-hand job, George confronts Lennie about keeping a dead mouse in his pocket and demands Lennie hand it over, Lennie hesitate[s], back[s] away, look[s] wildly at the brush line as though he contemplated running for his freedom. George insists, The mouse aint fresh, Lennie; and besides, youve broke it pettin it, and reminds Lennie of his past history of killing mice, so, then Lennie look[s] sadly up at him Id pet em, and pretty soon they bit my fingers and I pinched their heads a little and then they was dead' (9-10). Lennie, who has a fetish for soft things, has the severe deficiency that he does not realize his own strength. His dream to own rabbits is important to him because he wants something to be responsible for, but it is obvious by his past history of roughness, and e ven his reluctance to hand the mouse over to George, that he is too reckless for his dream to ever to come true. In a conversation between Lennie and Curleys wife, Curleys wife tells Lennie that she has soft hair and that he may pet it, so, Lennies big fingers fell to stroking her hair Lennie said, Oh! Thats nice, and he stroked harder And then [Curleys wife] cried out angrily, You stop it now, youll mess it all up. She jerked her head sideways and Lennies fingers closed on her hair and hung on. Let go, she cried. You let go!' (99). Lennie panics, and, in an effort to silence her, shakes her so hard that he breaks her neck, showing that he has absolutely no self-control. He does not stop petting Curleys wifes hair when she asks him to, even demands him to, partly because he is too dumb, but also because he lacks the physical capacity to control himself. Although Lennie is inherently innocent, his dumbness and lack of self-control combined with his obsession with soft things and his unknown strength, produce a deadly formula. Unfortunately for Lennie, society does not understand his mental handicap (earlier in the book George makes reference to the fact that Lennie was kicked in the head as a boy), and because he murdered Curleys wife, George must shoot him. Before George shoots him, Lennie asks him to recite their shared dream aloud, We gonna get a little place, George began He reached in his side pocket and brought out [the gun] Look down there acrost the river, like you can almost see the place. And George raised the gun and steadied it, and he brought the muzzle of it close to the back of Lennies head He pulled the trigger (117). Lennies dream is his security blanket. His only measure of the seriousness of his actions is how it will affect his dream, and in his last moments of life, he asks to hear about it, still is too naive to realize that surely now it can never come true. After George pulls the trigger, Lennie dies along with the lost dream. For Lennie , the American dream is dead. Crooks dream does not come true for different reasons. A lonely man desperate for companionship, he has the ambition to work on George and Lennies future farm that will never become reality. When Lennie first tells Crooks about his and Georges plan to buy a piece of land, Crooks reacts, Youre nuts I seen hundreds of men come by on the road an on the ranches, with their bindles on their back an that same [darn] thing in their heads An never a [darn] one of them ever gets it. Crookss pattern of pessimism and negativity brings him down, and he even attempts to dampen the hopes of those around him, relating to Lennie that hundreds of men have passed through the ranch, all of them with dreams similar to Lennies, but not one of them, he emphasizes resentfully, ever manages to make that dream come true. However, when he hears more of the plan, he offers, If you guys would want a hand to work for nothing-just his keep, why Id come an lend a hand (80, 84). A plan so daring and uncertain requi res its followers to have absolute faith. Crooks, who never believes in the plan from the very start, has a great chance of suddenly giving up again. Crooks physical disability along with his race will prevent him from reaching his dream. Steinbeck narrates, Crooks, the Negro stable buck, had his bunk in the harness room; a little shed that leaned off the wall of the barn His body was bent over to the left by his crooked spine (73). Crooks is not allowed in the bunkhouse with the white ranch hands and remains in a forced isolated state. He wants a place where he can be independent and have some security, but there is no security for a black man in a prejudiced world, least of all one with a crooked back. Farm work requires strength and physical endurance, and though Crooks offers to do odd jobs for George and Lennie, he would only end up hindering them with his disability. While Lennie, Candy, and Crooks fantasize about the land they hope to have one day, Curleys wife enters and mak es attempts to draw all attention to herself. When Crooks tells her to leave, She turned on him in scorn. Listen, Nigger You know what I can do to you if you open your trap? Crooks stared hopelessly at her Yes maam.' Curleys wife retorts, Well, you keep your place then, Crooks had reduced himself to nothing. There was no personality, no ego-nothing to arouse either like or dislike. He said, Yes, maam, and his voice was toneless (88-89). The fact that Crooks is black cements his fate, and he realizes this. The moment Curleys wife, who on a larger scale actually represents all society, brings Crooks back to reality and keeps him down in his place, he loses the little bit of hope he had gained and again becomes nothing. The American dream that everyone has equal opportunity to achieve his goal through hard work and determination is dead to Crooks. Crooks pessimism, physical disability, and race prevent him from reaching his dream. Though Curleys wife, who walks the ranch as a temptress, seems to be cold and cruel, she too has a lost dream. Continuously throughout the novel, Curleys wife reminds those around her about the time a man came through town and told her that she could be a star. Another man told her that she was a natural and promised to write, but the letter never came. She tells Lennie, I always thought my ol lady stole it. Well, I wasnt going to stay no place where I couldnt get nowhere or make something of myself So I married Curley. Met him out to the Riverside Dance Palace that same night, (97). Curleys wife is a poor decision-maker because she does not think out her actions. Instead of pursuing her dream by taking acting lessons or moving to Hollywood, she marries Curley the same night she met him. Entering the marriage, she believes it is a means of escape, but she only ends up stuck in Salinas, even more tied down. In not giving Curleys wife a name, Steinbeck makes Curleys wife a universal ch aracter; she represents every woman. Curleys wife has no personal identity; she is only identified with her husband. A woman who does not have even an identity can never make it big or even on her own. Later, in the same barn scene, Curleys wife flirts with Lennie and encourages him to pet her hair. When she tells him to stop, Lennie becomes frightened and breaks her neck. Steinbeck describes, Curleys wife lay with a half-covering of yellow hay. And the meanness and the plannings and the discontent and the ache for attention were all gone from her face. She was very pretty and simple, and her face was sweet and young, (101). Even before Curleys wife dies, she is bound to remain in the same circumstance her entire life, never able to make anything of herself. Only in Curleys wifes death does Steinbeck grant her virtue, because only then does she dies does she regain her innocence. Her dream is lost forever, and now without all her plans for the future she becomes fully human. Steinbe ck seems to show through her that even the worst of us have our humanity. For Curleys wife, the American dream to rise out of ones humble roots will never be a reality. Lennie, Crooks, and Curleys wife all have lost dreams because of their own personal deficiencies and those society forces on them. To them, the American dream is dead. Although the loss of dreams is depressing, all men must eventually face this harsh reality of life.

Technology impact on children in USA Research Paper

Technology impact on children in USA - Research Paper Example Rather than spending loads of time on computer and TV, it is also vital for children to spend their time on other activities. It can also create negative impact on children. Children spending large sum of time on television and Computer are prone to become fat. Despite having some negative impact, computer games can help children to learn new things. Children find it easier to learn from technology. Computer games also have some negative impact on children. Some violent games can affect the mentality of children and would sometimes lead to increase in aggressive behavior and increase in aggressive feelings. Real world violence shown in many violent games can change the behavior of children in to aggressive. Some survey revealed that maximize use of social networking sites and inter net can lead to aloneness and depression. Children are too small to visualize the difference between real world and virtual world. Violent aggressive response shown in game games can make create difficulty on mind of children to verify difference of simulation and real world. Technology holds a pivotal role for the development of children to teenager. Technology can have positive and negative impact on growth of children to teenager. In has been surveyed in the year 1999, percentage of children having gaming console in 67%. 60% of the children have home computers. And more than 37% of children are so me way or another connected to internet. Recent survey reveals the popularity and addiction of computer and internet among children. Children aged between 8 and 18 are asked that, if they are taken in to desert isle then what things they would carry with them. Most of the children replied access to internet and computer. The addiction and popularity of technology had made children lazier. The increase in exposure to electronic devices would create negative impact on the development of children at younger age. Technology is not the solution that would

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Strategic Management - Case Study Example Valuable, in the framework, defines elements that add value to an organization to derive competitive advantage over competing organizations. One of valuables for the club, based on the case, is a brand image that has developed a team of loyal fans. History of the brand can be traced to the year 1958 when the club suffered a setback following loss of its top players in a plane crash. Ability to bounce back from the loss and to develop another team of outstanding players attracted fans and well-wishers and the developed image continues. It has been evidenced during challenges such as conflict between supporters and Glazer in the club’s takeover bid. Even though the supporters lost, their support for the club remained. Effect of the brand has also been effective in the club’s sale of tickets, even after increased fees, and in sales from the club’s shops across the globe. The image and its effect on supporters’ loyalty also meet the rarity criterion as the clu b has the largest match attendance, compared to those of its competitors in the premier league (Johnson, Whittington, & Scholes 2011, p. 601- 604). Investments in stadia and facilities as well as in purchase of players are another valuable for the organization. Improved stadia and facilities have facilitated game attendance and other sales and therefore improved revenues. Players’ purchase has however improved the club’s competitiveness and this could have contributed to sustained fans’ support. Investment in players has also benefit in revenues from sale of such players Christiano Ronaldo (Johnson, Whittington, & Scholes 2011, p. 601- 604). A model based approach to understanding value creation in the English football supports the role of talent acquisition as a value that the club has. Injected talent that also has effects on team experience is a significant source of value among clubs in the nation.

The detailed information listed below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The detailed information listed below - Essay Example It was also essential to minimize family control along the value chain by hiring competent managers who understood the dynamics of international trade. The removal of family control promoted the global appeal since shareholders feel part of the organization’s decision making. The other way of enhancing cost reduction measures was through the development of quality and customer focus. This implies that the Indian firms hired technology that enabled them to produce quality goods and services for their clients. It was crucial to produce commodities that match customers’ preferences and diversity in other foreign markets. High quality production enables firms to attract customers since this eliminates competition from other local firms in the same market (Halder and Rakshit 16). The strategy of cost reduction was the viable one because it increased earnings and global presence by decreasing the operation costs. The other reason was that it enables the hiring of professionals to operate the family business, which reduced internal interferences. It is also the best strategy because it ensured the production of quality commodities to counter competition from other international firms (Halder and Rakshit

Executive Memo on Accounting for Pensions and Elimination of Segments Essay

Executive Memo on Accounting for Pensions and Elimination of Segments - Essay Example As stated in paragraph 25 of IAS 19, there are two kinds of pensions: defined contribution and defined benefit plans. In defined contribution plans, the company’s actual obligation is just the amount it agreed to place in the fund. With this plan, the employee bears the risk if the total contribution is not enough to cover the expected benefits. In defined benefit plans, the risk is borne by the employer because they have to pay the amount of the agreed upon benefits and adjust their contributions accordingly to finance these benefits. For defined contribution plans, the accounting and reporting requirements are simple. The company merely recognizes the required amount to be contributed as an expense. A liability will be recognized if the actual payment to the fund is less than the required contribution and a prepaid expense will be recognized if the actual payment to the fund is more than the required contribution. For disclosure or reporting purposes, the company is only req uired to disclose the expense amount and the contributions pertaining to key management personnel. For defined benefit plans, the accounting processes are much more complex. If the company utilizes defined benefit plans, its expense will be based on calculations using actuarial techniques. This is because there are various assumptions that go into the calculation process. In addition, the company’s legal obligation is not the only factor for calculating the pension expense amount, there are also constructive obligations resulting from the company’s informal practices, those that could not be changed without incurring severe damage in the relationship between the employer and the employee. The reporting for defined benefit plans is more rigorous. In general, the company will need to make adequate disclosures that will provide enough information to the financial statement users about the nature of the pension plan and any impact on the financial statements if there are c hanges in the plan. Specifically, the company is required to disclose its accounting policy for the recognition of actuarial gains and losses. It also needs to give a general description of the plan. It also needs to show three (3) reconciliations, as applicable, for the opening and closing balances of the present value of the obligatio

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Assignment 6 - Essay Example With regards to the case study the administrators of the district schools had to demonstrate how their students were performing by use of evaluation. This clearly shows that evaluation is an important educational management tool (Wiles & Bondi, 2004). The case studies tend to describe in detail the school level based program implementation as well as the evaluation process. With regards to the evaluation process, stages of how it was conducted are clearly outlined and the school administrators that took part in shaping up the process. Evaluation was used in the district schools in order to influence the decision making as well as improve the schools’ operations. Most of the administrators in the schools and districts were given a proposed framework that was meant to guide them in their activities. Based on the case studies, the proposed frameworks simply implies that evaluation is the process of producing information that ,is mainly used to make decisions about the on-going school programs (Wiles & Bondi, 2004). With regards to the case study, the user survey that was conducted in the district schools was meant to irradiate the importance of the evaluation process from the user’s perception. The areas that were looked at in the survey were: the view of the school program, the evaluation stages, the use of the evaluation information, the purpose of the process and the conditions under which the user was operating. Based on the study, the principal, school administrator and also some staff members were interviewed about their views on significant school programs and about the contributions that had been made by the use of evaluation. The user survey was meant to improve the school operations in the future based on the findings (Wiles & Bondi, 2004). Based on the studies, evaluation reporting simply encompasses timing and frequency. The case studies indicate that the timing and frequency that the school administrators gave out the evaluation reports

Theories supporting the role of hrm in emerging technologies Dissertation

Theories supporting the role of hrm in emerging technologies - Dissertation Example Institutional theory is somewhat akin to the role theory, which argues that individuals respond to normative pressures as they seek approval for their performance in socially defined roles (Chuler, Jackson and Luo, 2004, pp.15). Institutional theory likens organizations to the individual as they function as social entities that also look for legitimacy and social acceptance. Organizations, in this perspective, are expected to conform because this is the only way that they are recognized and approved – variables that support their survival in environments that have multiple constituencies that control their needed resources (Chuler, Jackson and Luo, pp.15). In applying the institutional theory, there are the cases of multinational corporations and the emergent internationalization of management. This theory is particularly significant in understanding the HRM practices of these organizations because of the view that socially constructed beliefs, rules and norms affect and exert influence over organizations and that, today, organizations (and their suborganizations) are under pressure to align their operations and adapt with their institutional environment (Stahl and Bjorkman, 2006, pp.463). Multinational companies are spread across locations with diverse environments. Institutional theory focuses on the variables that forces HRM practices to adapt to this condition. The institutional variables that exert influence over an organization and its employees come from the institutional factors both from the parent organization and the local environment in which its subsidiary operates. According to Stahl and Bjorkman (pp.465): In the local context, the labour laws and regulations restrict the range of possible HRM practices, local managers have taken-for-granted views about management practices that influences the policies and practices that they suggest for the subsidiary, strong local professional norms may exist, and processes of institutionalization might a lso take place among MNCs (multinational companies) in the local country. Hence, cultural-cognitive and normative institutional processes enfolding in the local context may play important roles in explaining HRM practices. Understandably, numerous studies that cite institutional theory and its relations with HRM practices were undertaken since the 1990s. The body of literature available today demonstrates how the theory supports the role and function of HR for modern organization. For instance, Walter Powell and Paul DiMaggio successfully demonstrated that organizations evolve because they are driven by coercive mechanisms, mimetic and normative forces. Their work argued that these pressures force organization to move to one direction, making them more alike in the process. On the other hand, Greenwood and Hinings used institutional theory to demonstrate the details that were lacking in Powell and DiMaggio’s work. Specifically, they addressed other variables such as the uniqu eness present in organizations as a result of diversity in interests as well as the role of human agency. What they were able to suggest was a condition wherein organizations are embedded in an institutional context. What this means is that institutional pressures such as organizational context, intra-organizational relationships and decision-making of individuals within the organization, makes change difficult. By proposing that organizations remove themselves from their respective institutional con

Contradictions and the Legitimacy of Law in Early American History Essay

Contradictions and the Legitimacy of Law in Early American History - Essay Example This indignity suffered by black slaves are shown here in an example of runaway slave advertisement: April 23, 1738. RAN away from the Subscriber in Lancaster County, the 17th Instant, a dark Mullatto Fellow, named Will: He is a lusty, well-set Fellow, aged about 42 years; he is pretty much Pock-fretten, and has a Lump on the hind Part of One of his Legs, near his Heel. He wore a Man's Cloth Jacket, a Pair of brown Cotton Breeches, and an Ozenbrig Shirt, he carried with him, a white Fustian Jacket, a lopping Ax, and a fiddle: He is a Carpenter, Sawyer, Shoemaker, and Cooper. Whoever will apprehend the said Slave, or give Intelligence so that he may be had again, shall be sufficiently rewarded, besides what the Law allows, paid by James Ball. Unfortunately for the escaped slave did not just enjoy the freedom from their oppression, the laws of the day also allowed for their capture. It had gotten to the point in the American slavery period that the slave owners convinced enough members of the senate and governing bodies to enact a new law that would have anyone who did not capture a slave when they had the opportunity to be charged with a fine of $1,000. Written into the United States Constitution, the Thirteenth Amendment makes involuntary servitude illegal under any US jurisdiction whether at the hands of the US government or in the private sphere, except as punishment for a crime: "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." With this amendment written into the United States Constitution, Amendment XIII effectively abolished slavery and, with the exception of allowing punishments for crimes, prohibits involuntary servitude. The article states: Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. (United States Constitution Amendment XIII, 1869) President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 was a prelude to the Thirteenth Amendment being written into the Constitution as the Emancipation Proclamation had only at the time applied to the slaves that were being held in areas of the country were in rebellion against the north, or what was known as the United States of that time during the time of Proclamation. In the areas that were controlled by the Union, or the south, the slaves were not freed until this amendment took effect. In the present day, the Supreme Court has ruled that the only situations where the Thirteenth Amendment cannot be applied as a violation is in the cases of mandatory military service and within methods used for involuntary servitude by convicted criminals in such instances of a "chain gang" unless they are ruled cruel and unusual punishment methods. The Thirteenth Amendment also prohibits specific performance as a judicial remedy for violations of contracts for personal services such as employment

Personal Life and Sports Essay Example for Free

Personal Life and Sports Essay Sport plays a huge role in our everyday life. Whether it’s physically, mentally or spiritually, sports have a big impact on anyone’s life, especially, to the average sport fan. Participating in team sports helps develop good character, it inspires us to pursue a healthy lifestyle and lastly It is proven that by having a regular social network through sports it will make you live longer. I believe that by being a dedicated sports fan you can live a healthier and longer life. Being involved in sports helps develop good character becuase sports involve team work, gaining of social experiences and helps relieve stress. Working toward a common goal is an integral part of the sports experience for athletes. It is through this experience that some grow into leaders and others into strong supporters, both of which a team will need to be successful. Finding their role on a team is a similar experience to finding your meaning in life, a definite life experience for participants. Team sports such as basketball, football and soccer underscore the necessity of working together to achieve your goals. Players learn firsthand how to achieve success through hard work, perseverance and consistency. Teamwork is a very versatile character trait. It can be used in many parts of life, from sports to the workplace. They teach you not only how to lead, but how to take directions from someone else. It also means that one is constantly learning to work well with others and develop respect for each others unique talents. The next advantage of being a sports fan is that it inspires one to purse a healthy lifestyle. Sports require athletes to be in a perfect condition. The people may not be good looking but they have amazing bodies that any of us would kill for. As a possible example, imagine that there is a car which has not worked for years. If you try to run the motor engine, it will not work anymore since it has been rusted and its engine may be broken down. As a result, people is smillar to engines and motors. If we don’t do sports, we will be forced to rust, in other words, decomposition of our body; afterwards, we may have some minor problems with our body when we even need to small walk. We must practice a consistant healthy lifestyle to continue to be and feel the best of our ability. In addition, sports balance our body’s blood pressure and circulation. According to many researchs which have been done by scientists, we can prove the importance of sports for our health because 70% middle aged people who did not do sports in their youth are now struggling with the problems such as high tension, trouble with blood circulation, easily become tired due to the lack of sports. Even people who are just watching a game burn calories! If your at a live game you have to walk all those steps just to get to your seat. If your relaxing at home watching the game and jump up excited becuase your team makes a touch down, that helps you burn calories too! Lastly but not least, one great benefit for being a sports fan is that it is proven that it will help increase the length of your life! Research shows that by maintaing a strong social network with friends who have similar interests that it improves your chance of living longer by about 50%. It doubles your odds of surviving cancer and wards off colds, according to a Brigham Young University study. An easy example of practicing this social expierence is by gathering friends over at your house for monday night football, even if your team looses you still have that social expierence with your friends. Participating in sports gives athletes the ability to develop tight and lasting friendships with others who have common interests. This is a valuable experience that usually leaves them with lasting life long memories In conclusion Participating in team sports helps develop good character, it inspires us to pursue a healthy lifestyle and lastly It is proven that by having a regular social network through sports it will make you live longer. I believe that by being a dedicated sports fan you can live a healthier and longer life. These are just a couple of many great benefits that you can achieve by being a sports fan. Sports are fun where most people find the common ground to become united and enjoy a great game!

Brutus, Antonius, Cassius, and Caesar Essay Example for Free

Brutus, Antonius, Cassius, and Caesar Essay It is 101 BC, the Roman Empire is at its zenith, and a man named Julius Caesar has the power of it within his grasp. Unwanted till now, he soon realizes the influence he now holds over so many lives. Perhaps he is naà ¯ve. However, if choosing who out of Marcus Brutus, Marcus Antonius, Cassius, and Julius Caesar; I choose whom the people chose. Julius Caesar would have been an extraordinary leader of Rome. As a revered general for the empire, he conquered many with an iron fist of trepidity including the dreaded Pompey, whose statue later, in a twisted sense of irony, Caesar meets his untimely fate upon. Caesar was a person the people of Rome could look up to, relate to, and follow. He was born and raised in Rome, joined the army at a young age and showed an almost predilectory understanding of warfare. He rose through the ranks to become the greatest general that Rome had ever known. Caesar was a remarkable man, with many kingly qualities such as his luminosity, endurance, perceptiveness, love for the people, any many, many more. He very well might have been the greatest leader that Rome would even know if not for the inequitable ideas of one man, Cassius. It was only after his return from conquering the mighty Pompey that the glory of Rome became to apparent to Julius Caesar. He wanted the crown; he wanted it like a child wants candy. With his advanced knowledge of subliminal tactics, he devised a plan that would force the citizens to beg him to take the crown. His beloved servant and yes-man, Marcus Antonius, offered him the crown three times with thousands there to witness the event; and each time Caesar refused the crown. Not because he did not want it, for he craved the crown; but because it was part of his brilliant plan. Mark Antonius speaks with anger and passion as he recounts the event of Caesars murder at his funeral, asking the people if Caesars death was truly justifiable: You all did see that on the Lupercal I thrice presented him with a kingly crown, which he did thrice refuse. Was this ambition? III: II: 102-4. At the time the event-which Anotnius gave as evidence that Caesar was not an ambitious  man, which was Brutuss only given reason for partaking in the atrocious manslaughter-Caesar showed such restraint that he had some sort of seizure on stage and was carried away by Antonius and several other men. He showed great power over himself by refusing his craving; a quality that I believe would have made him an excellent leader. Perhaps Antonius did not know of Caesars plan, which is why he spoke so highly of him. Antonius later pleaded with the people of Rome to see the truth, what truth can lie within a dishonest man such as Caesar? A man whom lied in order to persuade the citizens of Rome to make him their king. However dishonest Caesars actions might have been, he showed brilliance and patience on the Lupercal, qualities which are required for a leader, which is quite possibly why the people of Rome chose him over any other men. What ultimately led Caesar to his demise can be construed as either a positive or negative trait when put before one in different contexts. What led him to his death were both his love for Rome, and more importantly his greed. He was a man for the people, believing that he was Gods gift to them; Caesar wanted more then anything to make Rome the greatest Empire the world would ever know, yet he would stop at nothing to accomplish this. His greed would have possibly led the people of Rome into chains, forcing them to work their entire lives in order to better the empire, which is why several members of the Senate felt the need to end his plan before it began. Just after he had killed Caesar, Brutus spoke to the people attempting to explain why he had done what he felt must be done: If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. Had you rather Caesar were living, and die all slaves, than that Caesar were dead, to live all freemen? III: II: 21-5. Brutus was right in the fact that his predictions could have very well come true, but he was wrong in assuming Caesar would not have bettered the empire for the next generation. I believe that Brutus was thinking in the right now sense, instead of tomorrow. Yes, Caesar was ambitious, and yes he was greedy, both of which are necessary qualities for a leader. Many would say that Julius Caesar would have made a horrible leader; that he was naà ¯ve, paltry, inconsiderate, pretentious, and that he had a serious  inadequacy of experience when it came to political affairs. Most would not look further then the fact that he had little experience with politics, and only see his influence to the people as a threat; a very good quality for a man in an authorial position to have, influence. I am almost certain though, that if either Brutus or Cassius had actually sat down and discussed with Caesar what his plans for the future of Rome were, they would have had a serious change of heart and mind. Caesar was a good man who had many ideas as to what an eminent empire requires. His slaughter was untimely and a grievous event which sparked a war within Rome; an event that, ironically, the conspirators had worked so hard to prevent. Caesar would have been an excellent leader of Rome because he not only refrained from making impetuous and misguided deci sions about the other characters, but he displayed selfless loyalty to the citizens of Rome and to those he loved. It is striking and shocking to think what may have happened to the world as we know it if Julius Caesar had lived, lead, and loved.

Leadership Action Plan Essay

Leadership Action Plan Essay This paper seeks to prepare a personal development plan in my objective to become a leader in an organization. I will analyze the requirements of the targeted job in relation to my inventory of skills including my strengths and weaknesses in relation to the requirement of a goal in mind for which I am willing to know my deficiencies in terms of skills. I will therefore have to make an action plan on how to correct my deficiencies and to improve on my weaknesses to take advantage of my strengths in attaining a target job that I want to have and quality of a person that I want to happen as a result. 2. The Goal, Requirements, Deficiencies and the Strategies 2.1 My goal and its requirements The goal of this plan is to be able to attain the position of Pricing analyst which requires the following: having strong analytical skills and ingenuity to provide logical solutions to nonstandard issues, having a strong mathematical aptitude as well as well developed communication skills (written and verbal), being computer literate (including working knowledge of Excel and Word) and possessing the values of resourcefulness, organizational skills and ability to coordinate activities across company function. It further requires having demonstrated ability to work well under pressure to meet critical deadlines, having the ability to adapt to changing priorities and handle multiple tasks and having an exceptional attention to detail and problem solving skills. 2.2 Determined deficiencies and the causes of their perceived causes of having them Using as basis the job requirements and compare the same with my present inventory of skills, I found out that the targeted job requires the need for demonstrated ability to work well under pressure to meet critical deadlines as well as at the ability to adapt to changing priorities and handle multiple tasks. I believe this requires utmost patience on the part of person to be hired for the job. A patient person will not be easily being cowed into giving up for pressure as the person would normally consider pressure as part of the job. A patient person will also find the need to adapt to changing priorities and handling multiple tasks to be part of the challenge. I definitely need to be more patient partly because of my attitude of perfectionism which is rather out of proportions sometimes. Further comparison of my inventory of skills with the requirement of the job revealed that my verbal communication skills are weak as may be proved from past experiences when I have delegated tasks to people that resulted to some misunderstandings. I have diagnosed the in many instances times about the reasons for these misunderstandings and I found them in failure to make my instructions in a way that may be fully and intelligently understood. In wrongly believing that my own understanding results to my teammates understanding, I really have made a short cut of effective communication which is creating inefficiency to my job. I find deficiency also in my organizational skills as evidenced by my having overlooked a lot of times important details in my job because of deficient communication skills, failure to delegate and ineffectiveness if making motivations to my people. 2.3 Strategies to address deficiencies with corresponding time table The way I am going to tackle these leadership deficiencies is to set up a plan where I can draw on personal and others feedback. I have talked to my manager, supervisor, and other coworkers and they have agreed to provide feedback to me on these three subjects. I am going to keep a journal, as well, so that I can track my own thoughts and feelings about how I am handling and improving in these tasks. Also, I plan to do some research on all there subjects so that I may obtain further information on these subjects. The following are the things that I plan to do within my time table. Improving Patience On the basis of the above, I found out that I really lacked patience; I have decided to increase my patience in more systematic manner. My high anxiety level, which causes me to get short with people, could really be bad if I will not improve my patience. I am planning to monitor my progress and evaluate myself weekly on my patience levels. In a year I want to get to a point where I can handle any situation, no matter what that entails. I want to get to the point where I dont let my anxiety interfere with my job duties and interactions with other. Having stated earlier that lack of patience may be caused by my attitude of perfectionism, I feel addressing the latter is crucial to my development as a person for the desired job. Perfectionism makes me feel that I should always be imposing to people the highest requirement for many work activities without may be considering their capacities. My strategies for improvement of correction of said perceived caused of lack of patience are to analyze the importance of having something perfect in relation to realistic goals of every activity. Since every activity may have its deadline, I would devised an improve schedule so that I will not push myself unnecessarily on things. But since I may never know if I am progressing on this activity, I would measure my progress and my criteria for measuring the same would be to have less frustration with progress while ensuring that work is still successfully accomplish. The time table for this is one month intervals Improving communication One of the requirements of the targeted job is having a strong mathematical aptitude as well as well developed communication skills (written and verbal). Finding my skills to be lacking in this respect, I have decided to effectively improve my verbal communications skills continually by relying on feedback from manager and supervisors in my present job as well as peers and family and friends. In my own analysis what is causing my poor communication is the spontaneous and impulsive comments to teammates as I perceived bad comments in return making such irresponsive comments which offend their feelings, hence I would really need to reflect on how my comments would affect others. This is in addition to developing of course and an effective communication plan verbally and in writing. To know whether I would be progressing I would be recording my observance of the absence of negative peer reactions as well as my observation of positive oral feedback from family and friends. I am also giving month intervals ask for feedback from peers and family/friends Improving organization skills Organization will be one of my other big hang-ups and I think this should be evaluated daily by keeping a journal of my tasks as well as a calendar to avoid mistakenly overlooking anything. I believe this will take time to improve, and with the help of my observations, research, and others feedback, I could o be proficient in the skills within the next three years. For the meantime I have short goals as explained below. One way to improve this is to through having the skill to improve delegation. My rather poor delegation is basically rooted in the fear of poor teammate contributions resulting in team failure. I believe this could be corrected by building on trust with my team mates by being first becoming a trust worthy person. Delegation entails trusting people to do it with confidence to their abilities under given circumstances. In the case of team mates, I would have to realize the extent also of my influence so that I would not be ending up delegating everything. In addition I should be developing a system of evaluations of teammates since it is only in giving them the proper feedback that they would have the chance to improve themselves. The time table for this of course, requires that at checkpoints of project, I will have to assess feelings of comfort of myself and my teammates and address any problems immediately as may be necessary. Another way of correcting this perceived weakness is to utilize an equal work policy. Under this arrangement, some my teammates would not necessarily be burdened with having more than expected and this will have a chance of reducing really the fear of poor teammate contributions resulting in team failure. Still another way of accomplishing this strategy is for me to build in checkpoints for making sure that projects are on time. This simply means that making a reliable schedule to monitor and follow through that projects are on in fact accomplished on time. As a way of measuring my progress in this strategy, I would have to be chance to measure my progress, with myself personally performing less work that would result to utilizing more time to proper and maximum functioning of my teammates. This development should also be seen in my new developed ability to trust teammates that would lead more to better relationships with them by having a confidence in the result of their work. Another way to improve organizational skills is to improve my forcefulness in motivating people. As a consequence of poor communication skills, my capacity to motivate or move people is just as limited to a great extent. My strategies for this target is includes attend additional classes on leadership (Erez, M. et. al, 2001), reading pertinent books on motivation (Maddock and Fulton, 1998) and utilizing an effective communication. Motivation on organization is a big deal since organization basically involves people who need to have the internal drive to what they need to do. Given the fact that organization may not provide every thing what workers may need, I can top a great potential from them by knowing each of my team mates and really find out what drives to excel of perform better in their job. I would only be able to verify the attainment of these targets if there are positive responses of others to my improved motivational skills. If small goals get accomplished I would be pretty sure that I making a great motivation job on my teammates more often Another way of measuring the accomplishment of this strategy is the reality of having an accomplished goals and positive team responses. The time table to evaluate others responses and behaviors would be to undertake each monthly. 3. Conclusion Based on the above plans I believe I would be able to attain the target of becoming a price analyst. The requirements of the targeted position are very clear and I was honest enough to use the requirements to gauge whether I could actually satisfy the same. Driven therefore by the realization that I needed some skills, I should have the courage to correct my deficiency by tracing what are the behaviors that are causing me not to have the much desired requirements of the targeted position in terms of skills. I have categorized the some major requirements of the job as requiring the value of patience from the need for demonstrated ability to work well under pressure to meet critical deadlines as well as at the ability to adapt to changing priorities and handle multiple tasks. So important is the value of patience in the job and which I have carefully analyzed could be acquired by training me to consider work pressures as normal consider s part of the job that would also help me to adapt to changing priorities and handle multiple tasks to be part of the challenge. Improving communication between me and the people in the organization was could be by addressing the behavioral cause, that is the spontaneous and impulsive comments to teammates that I commit sometimes based from perceived bad comments. I would just have to stop offending their feelings by my having an honest reflection on how my comments would affect others. This is in addition to developing of course and an effective communication plan (Thorson and Moore, 1996) verbally and in writing which may involved the applicable of basic principles of effective communication that would be read in theory and experience if the actual workplace. Getting the right feedback from peers and friends would accomplish much for this. Improving my communication skill is also closely related with improving organization skills which I will have to develop over time through my observations, research, and others feedback. Having targeted to be proficient in the skills within the next three years, I believe would be realistic enough considering my targeted developed skills for communication. To improve organization skill requires me to improve delegation which I found to having been restricted by my fear of poor teammate contributions resulting in team failure. Being correctible by building on trust with my teammates by being first becoming a trust worthy person, I believe that my decision to delegation put me in the very right path to fully attain an integrated organizational skill (Heller et. al., 1998). I am however cautioned by knowing some limits in my planned delegation by doing still what I need to do best under the circumstances in avoiding to delegating everything. By my honest development of a system of evaluations of teammates, that would give them the proper feedback, I am hoping for the best about the accomplishment of this plan. Appendix: Chart of Personal Development Plan Skill to Improve Causes of Behaviors Strategies Measurement Time table for Assessing Progress Patience Perfectionism Analyzing the bad effects of too much perfectionism Making a working schedule Effective delegation to team mates -reduced frustration -successful accomplishment of work without much stress Will be monitored monthly Delegation Fear of poor teammate performance Make a system of evaluation of teammates Make an à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¹Ã…“equal work policy. Making sure that deadlines are followed Less work to be performed more time for the main requirement of the job Assess feeling of teammates if delegation is received with respect Effective Communication Irresponsible and impulsive comments Reflect on the effect of comments and reduce the same if necessary Design and effective communication plan Absence of negative peer reactions Positive feedback from friends, managers and supervisors Must be confirmed monthly Motivation Poor oral and written communication skills Read good books on communication skills. Attend seminars related to Office communications Willingness of others to have more responsibilities Attained output targets Evaluation should be done monthly or as often as possible

The Nobel Prize and The Bluest Eye :: Bluest Eye Essays

The Nobel Prize and The Bluest Eye Toni Morrison's Nobel prize acceptance speech has many interesting parallels between that and her novel The Bluest Eye. The speech opens up new ideas and interesting correlations between the address and the story. In this paper, I will document how parts of Morrison's speech uses situations in The Bluest Eye. The first being that of the story about the blind woman and the bird. Morrison says, "Her answer can be taken to mean: if it is dead, you have either found it that way or you have killed it. If it is alive, you can still kill it. Whether it is to say alive, it is your decision. Whatever the case, it is your responsibility." The characters in the novel are also responsible for their own actions, regardless if situations happen beyond their control. Meaning that the characters in the novel cannot lament their life because things got away from them. While there is incest and a subsequent pregnancy involved, it is possible that the character is able to reach beyond the path set for them and exceed anyone's expectations. By talking about responsibility, Morrison is able to make people think about their lives and make them realize that it is possible to have things be better. "Sexist language, racist language, theistic language all are typical of the policing languages of mastery, and cannot, do not permit new knowledge or encourage the mutual exchange of ideas." This quote by Morrison seems rather unusual, considering that she did incorporate some of these ideas into her work. It sounds as though in this quote that by using such characteristics in a work, it somehow loads it down with extraneous details. However, in Morrison's The Bluest Eye, it only enhances the reading and furthers the reader's understanding of the time. In accordance with the understanding of the reading and the enhancement of the words on the pages, Morrison fulfills the obligation of the following quote in The Bluest Eye: "The vitality of language lies in its ability to limn the actual, imagined and possible lives of its speakers, readers, writers.

Color Blindness and Testing in Children Essay -- Vision Sight Disorder

Color Blindness and Testing in Children In a world of many technological advances, color perception has become a very important issue. One of the main advances pertains to color technology. An increased emphasis on color technology has raised awareness of the issue of color blindness. Many people are not aware of the origins of color blindness and the different types, although many people are affected by it. One in two hundred females have this defect while in males the defect occurs in one and twelve ( Lewis, Reitzammer & Amos, 1990). That is about two percent of the female and eight percent of male populations (Sewell, 1983). It is important to look at the prevalence of colorblindness in children and identify the problems associated with it. Color deficiencies can take many forms but are generally grouped together and known as colorblindness. The different types of color blindness include protanopia, deuteranopia, and tritanopia. Individuals with protanopia perceive short-wavelength light as blue, and when the wavelength is increased, the blue becomes less and less clear until it is perceived as gray at 492 nm (Goldstein, 1999). Deuteranopia causes a person to perceive blue at short wavelengths and see yellow at long wavelengths with a neutral point at 498 nm. The most rare form of color blindness is tritanopia. These individuals perceive blue at short wavelengths and perceive red at long wavelengths with a neutral point at 570 nm (Goldstein, 1999). Protanopia and deuteranopia are commonly referred to as red-green blindness. These forms of colorblindness are sex linked; the gene responsible is on the X-chromosome, with the dominant gene passed by the mother. With the female (XX), the anomalous locus on one X chromosome.. . ... Psychology, 14, 196-218. Goldstein, B. E. (1999). Sensation & Perception, Fifth Edition. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks Cole Publishing. Knowlton, M., & Woo, I. (1989). Functional color vision deficits and performance of children on an educational task. Education of the Visually Handicapped, 20, 56-62. Lewis, B.A., Reitzammer, A., & Amos, J.F. (1990). color vision defects: what teachers should know. Reading Improvement, 27, 31-33. Pease, P.L. & Allen J. (1988). A new test for color screening color vision: concurrent validity and utility. American Journal of Optometry and Physiological optics, 65, 729-738. Sewell, J.H. (1983). Color counts too! Academic Therapy, 81, 329-37. Waggoner, T. L. (2000, February 6). New pediatric Color Vision Test for Three to Six Year Old Pre-School Children. [Online], Available. http://members.aol.com/nocolorvsn/color5.htm

Developing and Maintaining Safe Schools Essay -- Safety Education Essa

Developing and Maintaining Safe Schools There is no greater challenge that exists today than creating safe schools. It is difficult for children to learn in an environment that is unsafe and when they feel at risk. It is hard to keep staff on task when they fear for their own safety. One out of twelve students who stay away from school do so because of fear. In an ideal world, you would like to prevent all school crime and ensure the safety of students and each staff member. There are so many things outside the control of the school administrator that such a task is almost impossible. To predict the potentially disruptive behavior of students, a staff member, or the intruder who comes to your campus is unrealistic, but being armed with the knowledge that this could happen to you could can lead to do several things to prepare for a crisis, avoid a crisis, and preclude successive crises. Restoring our schools to tranquil and safe places of learning requires a great commitment. It involves placing school safety at the top of the educational agenda. Without safe schools, teachers cannot teach and students cannot learn. School administrators have a host of opportunities and strategies that can be implemented to make a difference. The difficulty often is in effectively analyzing the problem, and then deciding what can be done about it. A safe school is in place when students can learn and teachers can teach in a warm and welcoming environment free of intimidation and fear. It is a setting where the educational climate fosters a spirit of acceptance and care for every child; where behavior expectations are clearly communicated, consistently enforced and fairly applied. A safe school is a function of community will, priorities and i nterests. It requires partnerships and cooperation. The components and people involved are limited only by the imagination, creativity, energy, and commitment of the local community. Very important people include students, educators, parents, law enforcers, judges, probation directors, mental health leaders, and... ...allenge of setting a safe school environment plan. In today's society, safety is a very important issue. Once upon becoming an administrator, this would be one of the main issues on my list. I would work to have a safe school environment plan in effect. I would follow the outlined guide as closely as possible in order to implement a safe school environment plan in my school and district. Bibliography: Dwyer, K.; Osher, D.; and Warger, C. Early Warning, Timely Response: A guide to safe schools. www.ed.gov/offices/OSERS/OSEP/earlywrn.html Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of Education Flannery, Daniel J. Improving School Violence Prevention Programs Through Meaningful Evaluation. New York, New York: ERIC Clearinghouse on Urban Education, 1993. Houston, Paul. Schools: Islands of Safety in a Sea of Violence. www.aasa.org/Latest/Outlook/outlook10-7-98.htm AASA Leadership for Learning Stephens, Ronald D. The Art of Safe School Planning. Bloomington, Indiana: The School Administrator, 1996. Stephens, Ronald D. Conducting a Self-Assessment of School Safety. Bloomington, Indiana: The School Administrator, 1996.

Burning Down the White House

On August 24 1814, during the War of 1812 we traveled from the Atlantic Ocean, into Chesapeake Bay, and on into Washington D. C. . The British Army occupied Washington, D. C. as I and some others set fire to the White House. I was so nervous; I knew it was something I had to do though. It was our commander’s orders to only burn public buildings. This was the first time that a foreign power captured and occupied the United States capital. After we set fire to the buildings we left as quickly as possible.This attack was an act of revenge since the Americans burnt York and the buildings of the Legislative Assembly during the battle of York in 1813. The commander told us that attacking Washington would have a greater political effect than any other states would. It is considered against the civilized laws of war to burn a non-military facility and those Americans not only burned the Parliament but also the Governor’s mansion, private homes, and warehouses. We didn’t know it but, the president’s wife was in the white house. Her name was Dolly Madison, two messengers came in and asked her to leave.She left all of their personal belongings, but she managed to get the cabinet papers and the portrait of George Washington. As we went into the White House we were greeted with a dinner set for forty. We ate and drank until we were full, then we done our job. We destroyed the White House and all of the public places we intended to destroy. The Madison’s had no choice but to leave, and as they left I seen them helplessly watching us demolish their home. I had to keep reminding myself why I was doing this, in an act of revenge because they burnt us down and payback came their way.

Ethnic Groups and Racism Essay

GENERAL SOCIOLOGY/SOCIETY CULTURE hea and thenish GROUPS AND RACISM I. INTRODUCTION lavation and favorableity be meaning(a) concepts in the field of sociology and atomic spot 18 whizz(a)s that argon stu conkd a extensive deal. Race plays a large employment in everyday human key interactions and sociologists neediness to study how, why, and what the start keep abreasts atomic number 18 of these interactions. A take to the woods is a human population that is believed to be limpid in virtually right smart from a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal) humans ground on real or imagined carnal divergences. racial mixtures atomic number 18 root in the supposition of biologic kinfolkification of humans agree to morphological features such(prenominal) as come up color or facial characteristics.An singular is usually externally classified ( pie-eyeding soulfulness else makes the classification) into a racial pigeonholing earlier than the individual choosing where th ey belong as deviate of their soulal identity. Conceptions of execute, as well as detail racial rootings, argon often moot due to their impact on well-disposed identity and how those identities influence some iodines position in neighborly hierarchies. heathenishality, succession related to race, pushs non to sensible characteristics that societal traits that be sh atomic number 18d by a human population. Some of the amicable traits often utilise for sociable classification implicate nationality tribe ghostly doctrine shargond language sh atomic number 18d ending shared traditions Unlike race, sociableality is not usually externally assigned by different individuals.The term heathenishity focuses more(prenominal) upon a concourses connection to a comprehend shared past and culture. II. CONTENT/ yeasty REPORT DEFINITION OF RACE AND culturalITY Race is a tenderly lay outd category, based on real or perceived biologic differences mingled with c hemical congregations of nation. Ethnicity is a socially be category based on unwashed language, organized religion, nationality, history or an other(a) social factor.Sociologists see race and ethnicity as social constructions because they are not grow in biological differences, they change all over time, and they never assimilate firm boundaries. example White The evidention between race and ethnicity usher out be displayed or hidden, depending on individual preferences, piece of music racial identities are always on display. THE SOCIOLOGICAL kernel OF ETHNIC GROUPS AND RACISM The classification of flock into races and ethnic radicals carries deep implication on the social and governmental life of opposite racial and ethnic separates.These classifications led to the belief of racial favorable position and racial modestity, paganly advanced sortings and heathenly disadvantaged, the use of disparaging undertones and parody, apartheid policy, divergence and mischief, and stereotyping of conventions of mickle. Ethnic fights squander been uniform bear upon within the same territorial reserve borders and among the nations of the ball. Ethnic competitivenesss do been pervasive and self-destructive because they cause massive humanitarian suffering, complaisant wars, and destabilizing effects. Sociologically, race refers to a convocation of multitude whom others believe are transmissibleally distinct and whom they treat accordingly.This term is commonly used to refer to physical differences between volume brought some by physical characteristics of genetic origin. This commonness of genetic heritage whitenessthorn be manifested in the shape of the gunpoint and face, the shape and color of the eyes, the shape of the nose, lips, and ears, the cereal and color of the hair, the grate color, height, blood emblem and other physical characteristics. Among the significant racial categories studied by early social scientists were the Caucasoid, Mongoloid, Negroid, and the sub assemblages of primary and derived races. Racial differences are seen as physical differences bingled out by the confederation or order of magnitude as ethnically significant.It is preferable to refer to ethnicity or ethnic groups rather than race for its historical and biological connotations. An ethnic group represents a number of persons who have a common cultural background as evidenced by a feeling of loyalty to a given geographical territory or leader, a feeling of identification with and consent among historical and other group experiences, or a high degree of similitude in social norms, ideas and material objects. Members of ethnic groups see themselves as culturally diametric from other groups in the decree and are viewed by others to be so.SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF social station IN RACIAL AND ETHNIC GROUPS rank and file in racial and ethnic groups influences populations social status and roles as they interact with others. Physical characteristics, especially skin color and certain distinctive cultural traits, complexes, and patterns, become badges for social and economical status. Frequently, they raise a persons or groups position in the social stratification system and make up the alkali for prejudice, contrariety, and other forms of derived function treatment.Furthermore, when an ethnic group becomes a tar desex of discrimination, such group whitethorn utilize the unique physical or cultural traits as the rally force for promoting common loyalties and enhancing collective action. When hatfuls definition of physical characteristics greatly affects their family traffichip, such definitions generally become interlinked with cultural differences. A classic example is the white mans justification of his technical, economic, political and soldiery superiority.Examples are such ideologies as the God-chosen race, the white mans centre and more recently, the apartheid policy. Since the early days of the linked States, indigenous Americans, African-Americans and European-Americans were classified as be to different races. But the criteria for membership in these races were radically different. For Africans, the government involveed some(prenominal)one with African visual aspect to be purely African. Native Americans, on the other hand, were classified based on a certain percentage of Indian blood. Finally, European-Americans had to have purely white ancestry.The differing criteria for depute membership to particular races had relatively undersized to do with biology it had far more to do with maintaining a groups defined roles and position. Racial and ethnic membership leads to a sense of great deal-hood. By this, we mean a sense of identification with a relatively small segment of the worlds population- those who by virtue of common ancestry or heritage we consider our aver kind. Erich Fromm wrote in 1941 The identity with nature, clan, religion, gives t he individual security. He belongs to, he is rooted in, geomorphologicalized whole in which he has an beyond doubt(predicate) place. He may suffer from lust or suppression, nevertheless he does not suffer from worst of all pains- despatch aloneness and doubt. PATTERNS OF ETHNIC GROUP transaction People who steep a rate status are usually called a minority group. What determines a minority group is not the unique racial or ethnics traits nor their great number only when the relationship of different groups in the order of which they are a part. A minority group, then is one that, because of the power of differences among the groups, is singled out for anisometric treatment in the society.A minority refers to a group which, because of physical and cultural characteristics, occupies a subordinate position in the society and subjected to collective discrimination, in some vitrines, even up segregation, oppression, slavery, peonage, military seduction, apparitional per secution, and economic, political, educational, and social suppression. The patterns of ethnic group relations include the fol low-pitcheding(a) 1. Patterns of Racism a. impairment and discrimination Racism is behavior that is motivated by the belief that ones let group is superior to other groups that are set apart on the understructure of physical characteristics Structural racialism refers to inequalities make into an organization or system.An example of morphological racism can be seen in recent research on study discrimination. 37 thither is widespread discrimination against telephone circuit applicants whose names were merely perceived as sounding black. These applicants were 50% less probable than candidates perceived as having white-sounding names to hold callbacks for interviews, no matter their level of prior experience. Prejudice prejudged negative attitude or opinion about a group without iiering to verify the merits of the opinion or ruling The relation ship between prejudice and discrimination is complex. Robert Mertons study and typology of the relationship between prejudice and discrimination Four patterns 1. unbiased nondiscriminatory integration 2. Unprejudiced and discriminatory institutional discrimination 3. Prejudiced and nondiscriminatory latent intolerance 4. Prejudiced and discriminatory outright credulity In his study, (1974), Bulatao listed impressions on some ethnic groups by respondents from five Philippine cities Ilocanos and Chinese were viewed as or so industrious, serious, thrifty Tagalogs, imperfect Bicolanos and Cebuanos, humble, friendly, warm, and peaceful Warays, lazy but cockeyed and Ilongos, proud and extravagant.b. Discrimination refers to the act of disqualify or mistreating people on the behind of their group membership or on ascriptive rounds rationally irrelevant to the situation. Whereas prejudice is a extract of mind, discrimination is actual behavior. Prejudice and discrimination work hand in hand to create and sustain racial and ethnic stratification, (Jarry J. 1987) THEORIES OF PREJUDICE Light gives the following explanations on the origin of prejudice1. stinting Theory- assumes that racial prejudice is a social attitude transmitted by the rife ethnic bulk class for the blueprint of stigmatizing some group s as inferior so that the exploitation of the group resources will be justified. 2. symbolical Theory- asserts that prejudice arises because a racial or ethnic group is a symbol of what people hate, fear, or envy. 3. Scapegoat theory- maintains that human beings are reluctant to accept their mistakes for their troubles and failures so they notion for an ethnic-minority to shoulder the blame.4. Social norm theory- asserts that ethnocentrism is a inborn development of group living. abomination and suspicion for the out-group are the standard and prescript way of doing things, particularly in traffic with people. c. Stereotypes are often simplified and unsubstantiated generalizations about others and are used wantonly for all cases. A few examples are Ilokano, bantay kuako (heavy smokers) and kuripot (stingy) Pampangueno, dugong aso (dog blood or traitors) Batangueno, balisong (knife-wielding) Bicolanos, sili ( rain cats and dogs or hot people).2. Patterns of Competition, Conflict and mastery When ethnocentric attitudes are coupled with intergroup tilt for territory and scarce resources, an explosive social situation may arise. When two groups both strive for the same things- and they perceive their single claims to be mutually exclusively and legitimate- the stop is set for conflict. In modern societies, the state has become the vehicle that enables one group to dominate and keep the other group subordinate. In sum, controversy supplies the motivation for systems of stratification, and ethnocentrism directs competition along racial and ethnic lines, but power determines which group will tighten the other (Noel, 1972 Barth and Noel, 1975). 3. Economic and Political Subjugation.The economic coup detat of one nation by a more powerful one and the subsequent political and social mastery of the native population is called colonialism. If the takeover of one nation is trough the military superiority of the more powerful one for the objective of territorial expansion and establishing colonies, it is termed as military colonialism.On the other hand, if the economic takeover is made through with(predicate) the great technological superiority of the more powerful one, the institutionalization of their businesses in their former colonies, the control and domination of most of a colonys natural resources, the imposition of trade policies and economic treaties favorable to their side the establishment of outlets for their surplus enceinte the need for more cheap labor, tippy materials, and markets to fuel their growing economy, the process is termed neo-colonialism or economic imperialism.4. Displacement and separationism of the Native Population Economic and political subjugation of a minority population by a more powerful group is not the only pattern of triumph that occurs when different racial and ethnic group meet.Displacement of native population can be made possible through the influx of powerful settlers or invaders with their immensely superior weapons. It is typically found in areas rich in natural resources and alike(p) in geography and climate to the motherland of the invading group.Displacement takes the following forms a. ) by attrition, that is, numbers of the weaker group may die of starvation or disease any talk overly or not b. ) by population transfer and c. ) by genocide- deliberate and ruthless extermination of the weaker group. Segregation involves the routine of laws and/or custom that restrict or prohibit contact between groups. Segregation may be ethnic or racial or based on sex or age. 5. Patterns of Accommodation and Tolerance. sundry(a) and interethnic accommodation can be carried out through miscegenation or amalgamation- the exogamy of members of the majority and minority groups. This can aftermath in the blending of their various customs and determine and the creation of a unsanded cultural hybrid. This involves a cultural and biological blending in which the customs and values of both groups are to some extent pushd and their biological characteristics appear in the offspring. 6. Patterns of Acculturation and preoccupation Acculturation and socialization are two very important concepts in sociology and anthropology that describe cross cultural effects on both minorities as well as majorities in societies that are multi ethnic and multi cultural in nature.Assimilation is a broader concept as describe by sociologist Jean Piaget and refers to the manner in which people take new information. There are many people who see of the two concepts as same and even use them interchangeably. If you belong to a minority familiarity in a agricultural and retain your declare culture but cannot remain isolated and are unnatural by the majority culture in such a way that you aline to some aspects of the majority culture, the process is referred to as acculturation.Assimilation is a process whereby people of a culture learn to correct to the ways of the majority culture. There is a loss of ones own culture as a person gives more value to the cultural aspects of the majority community in the process of assimilation. What is the difference between Acculturation and Assimilation? see of cultures always produces results in terms of changes in both the cultures, and acculturation and assimilation refer to two important and different changes in these cultures. Assimilation refers to the process where some of the majority communitys cultural aspects are absorbed in such a manner that the home cultural aspects get mitigated or lost. Acculturation is a process where the cultural aspects of the majority community a re adapted without losing the traditions and customs of the minority community. Minority culture changes in the case of assimilation whereas it remains intact in the case of acculturation. 7. Patterns of cultural Pluralism or Ethnic Diversity pagan pluralism refers to the coexistence of different racial or ethnic groups each of which retains its own cultural identity and social structural networks, while participating equally in the economic and political systems.(Light, 1985) In pluralistic society, each group retains its own language, religion and customs, and its members tend to interact socially primarily among themselves. Yet all jointly get in in the economic and political systems and abide in harmony and peaceful coexistence. A prime example of such an array can be found in Switzerland. There, people of German, French, and Italian heritage preserve their distinct cultural ways while coexisting peacefully and equally. No one group enjoys special privileges or is discrimin ated against. ETHNIC GROUPS IN THE PHILIPPINES.Ethnic groups in the Philippines are classified according to certain physical, cultural, linguistic, religious and geographic criteria. A. agree to distinctive physical traits 1. The Negritoes who are regarded as the aborigines of the Philippines. 2. The Indonesian- Malayan beginning which is predominant among the Filipinos. 3. The Chinese who make up the largest national group. 4. The Americans and the Spaniards, and a few other Europeans who came as colonizers. B. According to cultural standpoints 1. Cultural minorities or cultural communities 2. Muslims 3. Christian groups C.According to linguistic groupings PANAMIN reports that there are about 87 ethno linguistic groups in the Philippines-e. g. , Tagalog, Ilokano, Waray, Hiligaynon, Kapampangan, Ilonggo, etc. D. According to religion 1. Roman Catholics 2. Muslims 3. Aglipayans 4. Protestants 5. Iglesia ni Cristo 6. Buddhists 7. Jehovahs witnesses 8. Other religious sects. E. Musl ims of Southern Philippines The Muslims make up the largest single non-Christian group. They have nine ethno-linguistic groups, namely 1. Taosug 2. Maranao 3. Maguindanao 4. Samal 5. Yakan 6. Sanggil 7. Badjao 8. Molbog 9. Jama Mapun.From the Spanish regime to the present, Muslim and Christian intergroup relationships have been characterized by animosity and suspicion. This has been expressed in the Muslims ongoing resentment of Christian settlers and attempts at secession to form an independent Mindanao. Muslim revolutionary groups the Moro National Liberation take care (MNLF) and the Bangsai Moro Liberation Front (BMLF) want Mindanao, Sulu, and Palawan to run away from the Philippines. THE CULTURAL COMMUNITIES AND THE CHRISTIAN FILIPINOS The non-Christian Filipinos now cognize as cultural communities make up 10% of the total national population.They have maintained their culture in their clothes, art, religion, ethnic dialect, customs, traditions and other superficial differenc es. There are 77 major ethno-linguistic groups in the Philippines. A. Federal Luzon 1. Isneg 11. Ivatan/Itbayat 21. Malaweg 2. Kalinga 12. Ilocano 22. Yogad 3. Ifugao 13. Apayao 23. Pangasinan 4. Bontok 14. Balangao 24. Palanan 5. Kankanai 15. Bago 25. Kapampangan 6. Ibaloi 16. Kalanguya 26. Tagalog 7. Gaddang 17. Iwak 27. Bicol 8. Tinggian 18. Isinay 28. Negrito 9. Ilongot 19. Ibanag 29. Sambal 10. Ibalahan 20. Itawit B. Smaller Groups in Luzon 1. Aetas 2. Dumagats of Quezon Province 3. Mangyans of Mindoro.4. Hanunoo C. Visayas 1. Bataks 7. Aklanon 13. Solud 2. Keney 8. Rombloanon 14. Bukidnon 3. Negritoes 9. Bantoanon 15. Boholano 4. Alangans 10. Hiligaynon 16. Cebuano 5. Masbateno 11. Kiniray-a 17. Waray 6. Abakon 12. Hamtikanon D. Mindanao 1. Tagurays 8. Mansakas 15. Kamiguin 2. Tagabilis 9. Maranao 16. Mamanwa 3. Bilaans 10. Sangil/Sangir 17. Butuanon 4. Mandayas 11. Ilanun 18. Kamayo 5. Manobos 12. Maguindanao 19. Bagobo 6. Tasadays 13. Tiboli 20. Kalagan 7. Magtisalugs 14. S ubanon 21. Kalibugan E. In Sulu/Tawi-Tawi 1. Yakan 2. Sama 3. Sama Dilaut 4. Tausug 5. Jama Mapun F. In Palawan 1. Tagbanua 2. Agutayanen 3. Kuyonen 4. Molbog.5. Palawan 6. Batak 7. Taut Baten III. GROUP check Within sociology, the terms race, ethnicity, minority, and dominant group all have very proper(postnominal) and different meanings. To see the sociological linear perspective on race and ethnicity, it is important to understand the meanings of these concepts. An ethnic group is a social category of people who share a common culture, such as a common language, a common religion, or common norms, customs, practices, and history. Ethnic groups have a consciousness of their common cultural bond.An ethnic group does not exist barely because of the common national or cultural origins of the group, however. They develop because of their unique historical and social experiences, which become the basis for the groups ethnic identity. For example, prior to immigration to the united States, Italians did not think of themselves as a distinct group with common interests and experiences. However, the process of immigration and the experiences they faced as a group in the United States, including discrimination, created a new identity for the group. Some examples of ethnic groups include Italian Americans, Polish Americans, Mexican Americans, Arab Americans, and Irish Americans.Ethnic groups are also found in other societies, such as the Pashtuns in Afghanistan or the Shiites in Iraq, whose ethnicity is base on religious differences. want ethnicity, race is primarily, though not exclusively, a socially constructed category.A race is a group that is tempered as distinct in society based on certain characteristics. Because of their biological or cultural characteristics, which are labeled as inferior by powerful groups in society, a race is often singled out for differential and unfair treatment. It is not the biological characteristics that define racial groups, but how groups have been treated historically and socially. Society assigns people to racial categories (White, Black, etc. ) not because of science or fact, but because of opinion and social experience.In other words, how racial groups are defined is a social process it is socially constructed. A minority group is any distinct group in society that shares common group characteristics and is forced to occupy low status in society because of prejudice and discrimination. A group may be classified as a minority on the basis of ethnicity, race, informal preference, age, or class status. It is important to blood that a minority group is not necessarily the minority in terms of numbers, but it is a group that holds low status in relation to other groups in society (regardless of the size).The group that assigns a racial or ethnic group to subordinate status in society is called the dominant group. There are some(prenominal) sociological theories about why prejudice, discrimination, an d racism exist. Current sociological theories focus principally on explaining the existence of racism, particular institutional racism. The three major sociological perspectives (functionalist theory, emblematic interaction theory, and conflict theory) each have their own explanations to the existence of racism.Functionalist theorists argue that in order for race and ethnic relations to be functional and contribute to the harmonized conduct and stability of society, racial and ethnic minorities must assimilate into that society. Assimilation is a process in which a minority becomes absorbed into the dominant society socially, economically, and culturally. Symbolic interaction theorists assure at two issues in relation to race and ethnicity. First, they look at the role of social interaction and how it get overs racial and ethnic hostility.Second, they look at how race and ethnicity are socially constructed. In essence, symbolic interactionists ask the question, What happens wh en two people of different race or ethnicity come in contact with one some other and how can such interracial or interethnic contact reduce hostility and conflict? The basic argument made by conflict theorists is that class-based conflict is an inherent and fundamental part of society. These theorists thus argue that racial and ethnic conflict is tied to class conflict and that in order to reduce racial and ethnic conflict, class conflict must first be reduced.

K Final Report

account On Marketing fear K&Ns (Marketing assortment) Submitted To Madam Shumaila Dilawar Submitted By Aneela Jabbar BB-08-15 Aqsa Mehmood BB-08-06 Arif Za further BB-08-8 Rabeea Rafiq BB-08-33 Sahar Naveed BB-08-54 Sana Fatima Malik BB-08-64 Zobia Malik BB-08-19 Dedication We h grizzly hold this work solely to our loving and supporting fri final stages and t for each maviners and those who drive home ever been praying for our success. Ack forthwithledgements First and foremost, we would homogeneous to give thanks our Creator, Family and Friends for their undying love. We would never pass on come so far without them.We would too like to take this opportunity to thank my teacher, Madam Shumaila Dilawar, for her insightful guidance. Last yet non least, we would like to thank our friends at work of Man climb onment Sciences that own al dashs been proved assistanceful. For e genuinelything that is full, credit goes to on the social unit(prenominal) of the above. Fo r anything that is wrong, we be culp fitted. Pre scene Practical leaning is an subjective part of my education and it is the sp bety that distinct the di tidy sum of IMS from separate(a)wises. To call for deep at a humbleer placestanding of the inventions, sole(prenominal) hypothetical k presentlyledge does non win the concrete base. In this report we have bridge that gap.The knowledge we acquired with this experience each(prenominal) toldow be long lasting. Since we ourselves explored the region o work and analyzed opposite factors and variables. insertion of K&Ns K&Ns, a founding pillar and beacon for Pakistans Poultry Industry lucreed in 1964 with a unity heeded objective of providing better aliment for health and happiness of the nation. Building on socio-economic classs of fowl expertise and commitment to feed- unassailablety, K&Ns integrated every fowl reapingion activities under one umbrella to bring you safe and lusty dollen by managing an d controlling all stages of cropion.The form 1964 Pakistan a young breaka mode nation beat ahead towards a dream self sufficiency in intellectual nourishment dealion. Malnutrition remained a major gillyflower and one out of cardinal children died before attaining the age of five. 80% of ailing children were affected with diseases ca function by protein, vitamin and mineral deficiency. Poultry batchiness, the prontoest and least expensive centering of filling the protein gap was planned to overcome malnutrition. Backyard fowl farming had to graduate to a more(prenominal) lord train. January 1964, a young man, Khalil Sattar, still a college student, had the vision to foresee a need to establish a poultry farm.His interest led him to start a small broiler farm of 1,000 chicks. Little had he know this flock was to become the establishment stone of K&Ns? This was the simple, inspired and nationa mentionic jump of K&Ns with a resolved objective of providing better n utrition for Health and merriment of the ground. Poultry didactics K&Ns exerts point and broiler p arnt merchandise line populations in contrary regions of Pakistan. Layer p arnt stock farms be regain in the south and broiler pargonnts ar bred in the colder rough northern region. Both fictional characters of p arnts ar ho utilize at degage breeder farms.To retard strict bio-security, all breeder farms work on the beta principle of all-in-all-out to ward off multiple ages at any breeder farm. Breeding stock is ho single-valued function in environment-controlled ho wonts equipped with most upstart ventilation, cooling and heating equipment. Some of the worlds best acts have been achieved at K&Ns. Strict bio-security measures ar taken at all farms to reduce the risk of disease transmission finished mechanically and somatogeneticly transferred disease causative agents. prudent attention is paid to bird health, vaccination, weightage and selection to watch over respectable and uniform breeding flocks. hachure-eggs are cooled defeat inside air cracked, humidified egg-rooms, jam-packed and dispatched in hygienise and environment-controlled vehicles to caller witnessed hatcheries located finishedout Pakistan. Hatching K&Ns operates several strategically located hatcheries covering all stale chick marts to chink pitch shot of exalted musical note layer and broiler day-old chicks to commercial farmers by dint ofout Pakistan. All hatcheries are equipped with most modern cooling, heating and humidification systems to provide a uniform and consistent hatchery environment independent of parti-coloring outdoor weather conditions.Incubators from world-renowned shapers are installed at all hatcheries and their performance data is recorded and monitored by a computerized incubation monitoring system. Upon arrival from breeder farms, hatching-eggs are hind enddled at all hatcheries to remove eggs, which whitethorn have cracked during t ransit. Sanitation and hygienics is compound by mechanically transferring eggs from one type of tray onto anformer(a) until chicks are harvested from hatchers. Maximum care is exercised part tip overling, reconstituting and administering vaccines utilize proper techniques and modern equipment.To ensure chicks apprehend off to the healthiest start and stay protected from viral diseases, they receive inject able and spray vaccinations at the hatchery. Day-old chicks are delivered to farmers in environment-controlled chick delivery vehicles to maintain feature during transit. after(prenominal) making deliveries, vehicles are water-washed and disinfected before doning the hatchery premises to reduce any risk of carrying disease causative agents back to the hatchery from the field of force. tend Milling To ensure consistent performance with high standards, our whiners really live on a healthy and well correspondenced diet.It is based on natural grain fruits much(prenomin al)(prenominal) as lemon yellow, corn gluten, rice and wheat oil seed meals such as soybean, apprizeola and sunflower fish oyster shells supplemented with multi-vitamins and minerals. reach is al slip air tested by our timberland self-confidence lab to ensure it is whole any(prenominal) because K&Ns does not compromise on quality. Feed is similarly supplied to our day-old chick nodes and growers for realizing the profit say-so of K&Ns quality day-old chicks. Poultry Processing At our progressive poultry moulding live, further healthy xanthouss are used to happen upon high quality, safe and healthy chicken growths. grumblers are halal slaughtered by hand (Islamic Zabeeha) stringently according to The Shariah. After halal slaughter, chickens are refined in the most hygienic and automated manner. During touch on, the birds are washed inside out and our veterinarians constantly defecate wind the birds to confirm they are wholesome. Cleaning is constant and each even ing the entire operation is completely washed and sanitized. Only after very thorough inspection, the plant begins operation each day. All chickens pass by means of veterinary inspection to confirm they are wholesome.To restrain a continuous check on quality, hygiene and food-safety, random samples are collected from the addressing peckerwood for lab testing. Some chickens are prepared to transport whole several(predicate)s are packed as bone-in deoxidizes or boneless produces. ingatherings for quality and food-safety conscious institutions such as hotels, eaterys, airlines, companionships and world(prenominal) restaurant strings are cut according to their narrow down requirements and packed in pop out forward motional natural. Products for retail are packed in K&Ns cross outed promotion and individually weighed, tack oning an separate feel to K quality control.Products are accordingly fire icy at a very low temperature of 30? C to ensure crop freshnes s, try out and food-safety. Ready-to-Cook and Fully Cooked Products Some chickens are used for preparing our sterilise-to-cook and to the full cooked chicken wareions using state-of-the-art meat readying and overlapion equipment. Choicest meat is carved and select ingredients are added to our premium chicken meat, for preparing flavorful high-quality point of intersections such as burger patties, nug farms and kababs.Our world-class note value-added chicken harvest-feasts are individually debauched rimy using Individual Quick halt (IQF) Technology. Distribution System and K Distribution work browses Products are stock certificated at -21? C to maintain freshness. Packed crossroads are moved into K sanitized refrigerated trucks for dispersion to ensure uncompromising quality control. K chicken harvest-tides are addressable at K cowardly investment trusts and guide oning retailers and alike delivered to quality and food-safety conscious institutions such as hote ls, restaurants, airlines, monastic commits and international restaurant chains. lumber Assurance science laboratory K state-of-the-art Quality Assurance research lab monitors the entire integration process, from livestock to feed and on to preparation of ready-to-cook & fully cooked carrefours. The entire integration process is monitored and regulated to ensure K chicken overlaps are wholesome, safe and healthy. K Poultry Diagnostic and search Institute With the assistance of US Agency for external Development, K Poultry Diagnostic and investigate Institute was established in collaboration with Pakistan Agricultural Research Council.It is a very well equipped and state-of-the-art disease diagnostic, feed and feed raw square testing laboratory which provides invaluable expediency to Pakistans poultry industry through and through research and appurtenance function in close coordination with K consultative Service. Certifications Ks ensures food-safety by implementing the HACCP* (international food-safety) System to produce safe and healthy chicken & chicken proceedss. ( *HACCP (Hazard Analysis & Critical ascendency Points) pronounced hassap is an international food-safety system for preventing microbiological, chemical and physical contamination along the food impart chain. Quality heed System at K&Ns is ISO 90012008 certified. done this internationally recognised quality vigilance system, K&Ns is able to control and monitor quality particularised factors, which ensure consistency in its crops and go piece insure guest gaiety. crybabys are HALAL slaughtered by hand (Islamic Zabeeha) strictly according to The Shariah. K&Ns slaughtering procedure has been assessed by Darul-Ifta ofJamia Ashrafia and Jamia Naeemia, twain au indeedtic institutions for granting Halal certification.Corporate Social Responsibility K&Ns Advisory Service, a division of K&Ns, provides invaluable service to nodes and the industry through the Nations widest ne dickensrk of bargains, technical and extension service focus ons. This division employs the nations medium- braggart(a)st team of veterinarians, dietitian and extremely experienced technical staff, and publishes technical bulletins, brochures, caution guides and other advisory literature for customers, and also provides them with serviceable on-spot technical know-how.Seminars are unionised in all major cities and verdant poultry revolve somewhats where local and outside experts are invited to address poultry farmers on a la mode(p) poultry developments. Free of charge vaccination and de-betaking service is all-inclusive to customers, and least- personify feed formulations are also provided to farmers. technical foul training programmes for poultry farmers are regularly organized and training is also imparted for carrying out vaccination and de-betaking. Through the training process, K&Ns has do a signifi providet contribution to Pakistans rural development.Tens of t housands of skilled and semi-skilled workers have been trained to provide service to industry, and to soak up a livelihood for themselves and their families. Marketing Mix These are actually the 4 Ps of grocerying. Marketing decisions generally falls into the following four controllable categories. Product Product is the actually religious wishing by the ships association to its guideed customers which also admits value added stuff. Product whitethorn be tangible (goods) or intangible as throttle (services). age formulating the martplaceing schema, return decisions include What to offer? Brand invoke packaging Quality way Functionality Accessories Installation After barter services warrantee Price Price includes the send system of the friendship for its ingatherings. How much customer should take over for a intersection point? qualify dodge not however link to the profit margins but also helps in decision aim customers. Pricing decision also turn the choice of securities industry transmission lines. Price decisions include Pricing Strategy (Penetration, Skim, etc) List Price payment degree implications Financing Credit terms Using footing as a weapon for rivals is as old as mankind. that its risky too. Consumers are a good deal sensitive for terms, synthesiss and additional offers. some other aspect of toll is that expensive ingatherings are considered of good quality. Place (transcription) It not only includes the place where the production is placed, all those activities performed by the company to ensure the handiness of the product to the object glassed customers. availability of the product at the right place, at the right clock while and in the right quantity is of import in placement decisions. Placement decisions include Placement Distribution television channels Logistics Inventory Order processing Market coverage selection of channel members packaging advancement includes all communication and me rchandising activities to warp prospective prospects to barter for the product. procession decisions include ad Media Types Message Budgets Sales promotion Personal tell oning Public analogys Direct dish outing As these costs are huge as compared to product price, so its good to perform a break-even analysis before allocating the budget. It helps in ascertain whether the un role modeld customers are worth of promotion cost or not. Product FeaturesFor customers psychological benefits re set certain benefits they get the picture to receive when using the product though these whitethorn be difficult to measure and may vary by customer. These benefits address need such as status indoors a throng, risk reduction, champion of independence, and happiness. Such benefits are developed through promotional efforts that target customers internal dealup. quad elementary objectives of absolute integrity, en consequentlyiastic diligence, continuous good and high quality maint enance are at the core of all operations which provide an impel urge for attaining perfection.Driven by its basic objectives in hobby of perfection, K&Ns is committed to have superior product and unmatched service through devoted wad and consistent development K products K have distinct product lines, but we testament discuss only a superstar product line which is Ready to Cook meal. This category includes Nuggets Chappli kabab Burger patties Chicken tempura Kofta jazz band wings Croquettes Haray bharay nuggets Hot tenders Fun nuggets K from the very beginning has snaped on providing better nutrition for the health and happiness of the nation.Quality is very original anteriority that leave make up them build concentrated and remunerative customer relationravishs. They are managing and controlling all stages of production in nightclub to ensure vitamin C% safe and healthy production of our product. Our product offers consumptions, attention to revenge desire or need in the trade. aim of Product Core Benefit providing the good taste. positive Product our product includes all ingredients in packaging according to the core benefit. Augmented Product our product provide some benefits which are related to product just as recipe.Branding Branding pick outs decisions that establish an indistinguishability for a product with the goal of distinguishing it from contests religious offerings. In markets where arguing is fierce and where customers may select from among numerous agonistical products, creating an identity through branding is essential. It is particularly valuable in helping topographic point the product (see word of product position) in the minds of the products target market Brand Names and Brand attach At a very basic level branding is achieved through the use of unique brand parents and brand marks.The brand name, which may be either the individual product name or a name applied to a group or family of products, is impor tant for many fountains including suggesting what the product is or does (e. g. , Mop-and-Glow). The name is also what we utter when we discuss the product (i. e. , word-of- brim marketing). The brand mark is a architectural plan element, such as a symbol (e. g. , Nike whoosh ), logo (e. g. , Yahoo graphic), a character (e. g. , Keebler elves) or even a sound (e. g. , Intel inside sound), that provides opthalmic or auditory recognition for the product.K brand along with the developed brand identity and trust reposed by customers, K has established its name in international market as well. It is a well-developed and promoted brand. It is a healthy brand which is leading to financial usefulnesss through the concept of Brand Equity in which the brand itself becomes valuable. openity Nearly all tangible products (i. e. , goods) are sell to customers within a inhibiter or package that, as we result discuss, serves many places including protecting the product during shipment.In a few cases, such as with certain produce items, the final customer may bargain for the product without a package but the produce vendor still faces packaging decisions when it comes to shipping to the line. Factors in incase Decisions Packaging decisions are important for several reasons including protective cover Packaging is used to protect the product from scathe during shipping and handling, and to lessen spoilage if the project is undefendable to air or other elements. Added Value Packaging design and structure jackpot add value to a product.For instance, benefits tramp be obtained from package structures that make the product easier to use while stylistic designs can make the product more deplumateive to divulge in the customers home visibility Packaging design is used to capture customers attention as they are sponsorping or glancing through a catalog or website. Distributor sufferance Packaging decisions must not only be accept by the final customer, they m ay also have to be accepted by distributors who sell the product for the supplier. Cost Packaging can represent a significant portion of a products elling price. Long Term Decision When companies take a leak a raw package it is most often eons with the intention of having the design on the market for an extended period of time. In fact, changing a products packaging too frequently can have negative effects K packaging Each product is wrapped in cover paper, and then packed in plastered pliable bags that are safe for health, and then in the long run packed in the box. Some chickens are prepared to ship whole others are packed as bone-in cuts or boneless products.Products for retail are packed in Ks branded packaging and individually weighed, adding another whole step to K&Ns quality control. Products are then blast frozen at a very low temperature of 30? C to ensure product freshness, taste and food-safety. Labeling Most packages, whether final customer packaging or stat istical statistical scattering packaging, are imprinted with data intended to assist the customer. For consumer products, cross outing decisions are extremely important for the following reasons. Labels serve to capture the attention of shoppers.The use of catchy words may cause strolling customers to deflect and evaluate the product. The label is likely to be the first thing a revolutionary customer sees and thus offers their first impression of the product. The label provides customers with product information to aid their bargain for decision or help improve the customers experience when using the product (e. g. , recipes). In some countries many products, including food and pharmaceuticals, are required by law to contain certain labels such as listing ingredients, providing nutritionary information or including usage warning information.K&Ns labeling ?K&Ns label is to attract the attention of the customers. ?COLOUR is attractive neat red which is eye catching. These are the things which are listed on the wrappers ?Ingredients ?Nutrition Facts ?Procedure Nuggets Nutrition Facts Serving sizing 5 pieces (110g) Amount per serving Calories 263 Calories from Fat 147 % perfunctory Value* Total Fat 16. 30g Total boodle 14. 2g Fibers 1. 98g Protein 14. 90g Salt 1. 6g25% 5% 8% 30% * % unremarkable Value based on 2000 Calorie diet. Your daily value may be higher or lower depending on your calorie needs.Procedure Appliances and utensils vary lay out heating times accordingly. Do not melt Karahi (Wok) preheat oil to babying temperature (180C). Deep fry frozen Nuggets for 3 minutes, or until golden brown. Oven Preheat oven to 230C. Bake frozen Nuggets on a baking sheet (turning halfway through baking) for 5 minutes, or until golden brown PRICING STRATEGIES Pricing is the pecuniary value of the benefit that a customer is remunerative to get that particular benefit. So a company is very careful in setting its prices. As we know that on that point are two types of raw product mold strategies Market skimming pricing Market penetration pricing For its product K&Ns have selected the market penetration pricing strategy. They maintain this strategy to keep their product prices lower so that by doing this we attract a large poesy of buyers and also to gain large market shares. The reason for not using market skimming strategy is that as its product is an pareve product and in that location is no sense of keeping high prices for an eatable product, because as K&Ns knows that skimming strategies are for lavishness products. PRICE ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIESAfter penetrating into the market, K&Ns depart adopt valuation reserve strategies in raise to adjoin its sales and attract more customers. Basically these adjustment strategies are according to the taste, culture and the changing postal service of the market. Following are the price adjustment strategies. segment pricing. Psychological pricing. Promotional pricing. Geographical pricing. International pricing. brush aside AND ALLOWANCE PRICING K&Ns applies this strategy by giving quantity brush off to its customers. Quantity Discount K&Ns gives quantity push aside by offering buy one get one cease offers.Besides this K&Ns also gives discount to those customers who allow for buy in bulk or in large quantity. Segmented pricing K&Ns launched its product in or so all the parts of the country with almost the self identical(prenominal) prices. They segmented their product price in the following ways. Time pricing strategy In time pricing K&Ns lowers its prices according to divers(prenominal) seasons. It reduces prices in Ramadan season, as its demand is more in that season. Promotional pricing This strategy involves temporary get down of the prices of the product below the cost to increase the scant(p) run sales.K&Ns applies this strategy when any one of its competitor lower its product price in graze to grab market shares. To compete with them it also lowers its product price so that it can retain its market shares. Geographic pricing In Geographic pricing K&Ns adopts freight assiduousness strategy. Freight absorption strategy K&Ns do not add freight charges to its product price in ordination to keep its product price lower, as its focus is to capture more customers. International pricing As K&Ns is not yet internationally recognized so K&Ns do not set international prices for its products.K&Ns is only serving nationwide so it sets prices of its product nationally. PRICE CHANGES Some time companies have to set about price change after development pricing strategies Because of different reasons, Price change could be a price cut or price increase. Initiating a Price Cut K&Ns already set a low price for its product but it cuts price of its product if its sales go forth not increase accordingly, in that daub K&Ns will cut the price in order to increase sales and to capture market shares. Initiating a Price increaseOnce K&Ns p roduct achieved a position in a market and it sets a good image in the consumers mind and has a large bod of potential buyers then K&Ns might increase its product price. But its aim is to give good quality product in an affordable price. K&Ns can initiate its product price when its product demand increases and K&Ns cannot supply according to the demand but INSHALLAH this situation will never come because K&Ns has its own poultry and breeding farms. emptors answer to Price Changes Changing in price has a great effect on the consumers mind.They think that on that point should be some puzzle with the product so the company is decreasing its product price or the customers may interpret it as the company is closing its business and they will not offer this product in future. On the other hand price increase also affects the buyers in a way that they think that this product is unprocurable unless they buy it soon. They also think that the company is prehensile and they are charging more prices for their product. Competitors Reaction to Price Changes K&Ns is aggressive while changing its product price and has to change its product price according to the competitors product price.So K&Ns keeps its competitors into consideration before lowering or change magnitude its product prices. Responding to Price Change If any of the competitors of K&Ns changes the prices it affects its sales. So K&Ns analyzes the change and react to it accordingly. give care if they low their price it will decrease its sales so K&Ns then adopts strategies to increase its sale by lowering its prices, giving discounts or change quality of its products. fix Place include company activities that make the product forthcoming to the target customers.For customers, product and service should be as pleasantly for sale as possible. This includes the strategies, how the memorial tablet is pass to distribute the product or service to the end exploiters. Distributing the right product at r ight time is the rule of thumb. legal and effective dissemination is important to reckon all the desired marketing objectives of the firm. If the firm is not discretion or underestimating the demand of the customers and customers are not acquire the product due this negligence then it is going to affect the overall profitability of the firm in the long run.PLACE MIX DECISIONS Place mix decisions include designing the strategies for the better availability of the product at the right time to the target customers to achieve organizational objectives. It comprises decisions about brings Coverage Assortments Locations Inventory transfer of training Logistics CHANNEL OF dispersion line of work of Distribution involves the routes of acquire the product from the manufacturing business to the ultimate consumer. These channels of distribution are also called intermediaries.thither are many types of intermediaries such as sellrs, agents, retailers, the Internet, overseas distribut ors, bespeak marketing (from manufacturing business to user without an intermediator), and many others. Types of channel of distribution thither are two types of channel of distribution of the products or services getable. Indirect distribution it involves the distribution of the product by the use of an intermediary for example interchange the product to the wholesaler and then on the way to the retailers. Direct distribution it involves the direct distribution of the product from the manufacturing concern to the consumer, without involvement of any third party or middle men. There is an advantage of direct distribution over confirming distribution that the manufacturer gains complete control over the consumer. The following figures shew the two types of channel distribution. INDIRECT CHANNEL OF DISTRIBUTION DIRECT CHANNEL OF DISTRIBUTION Distribution strategies Depending on the types of the product, there are three major types of channel of distribution strategies unattach ed. . Extensive distribution It is greenly used to distribute low priced or impulse get products e. g. chocolates and sweets etc. 2. Selective distribution Here a small number of retail outlets are elect to distribute the product. Selective distribution is common with products such as computers, televisions household appliances, where consumers are willing to shop around and where manufacturers fate a large geographic spread. 3. Exclusive distribution It involves limiting distribution to a single outlet.The product is ordinarily extremely priced, and requires the intermediary to place much detail in its sell. An example of would be the sale of vehicles through undivided dealers. If the manufacturer decides to choose selective or exclusive distribution, then it must select an experienced, creditable and renowned intermediary. reportage make out of active retail and/or wholesale outlets (relative to a saturation level) that sell a specific firms brands in a disposed market. R equired market coverage is achieved by following concentrated marketing, tell marketing, or undifferentiated marketing strategy. turn marketing Concentrated marketing or turning point marketing is market-coverage strategy in which a firm goes after a large share of one or a few segments niches. It collections to the marketers when company resources are limited. Through niche marketing, the firm achieves a strong market position because of its greater knowledge of consumer needs in the niches it serves and a special reputation it acquires. It can market more effectively by fine tuning its products prices and programs to the needs of carefully defined segment.It can also market efficiently, targeting its products or services, channels and communications programs toward only consumers that it can serve best and most profitably. It is highly bankable but at same time provides with greater than normal risks as companies solely depend on fewer segments for their business and large com petitors can enter the same segment with greater resources. Differentiated marketing Differentiated or segmented marketing is market -coverage strategy in which a firm decides to target several market segments and designs separate offers for each.By offering product and marketing variations, companies hope to get higher sales and strong position in each market segment. But there is a drawback that differentiated marketing for each segment bears a survey of cost to satisfy each target segments customers. Developing separate marketing plans for the separate segments requires scanty marketing research, forecasting, sales analysis, promotion planning, and channel decimatement. slew marketing The marketing strategy that provides an opportunity to the organizations to appeal to a wide variant of potential customer is potful marketing or undifferentiated marketing.Here a firm ignores the market differences and go after the whole market with another. The idea is to broadcast the messa ge to the largest number of multitude possible. Mass marketing pees the largest potential market that yields to lower cost as it focuses on high sales and low prices. Typically, things which are perceived to requisite or essential to the consumer are subject to mass marketing. On the contrary, mass marketing fails to satisfy all consumer needs and face trouble to compete other firms following better marketing approaches.ASSORTMENTS Assortment actor the group or collection of products and services offered in the market for sale. It refers to the word form of the offering being accessible in the market according to the customers demand. Role of channel members Channel members play a racy role in assorting the quantity and variety of the products according to the market and consumers needs. Producers use these intermediaries because they create greater efficiency in making goods available to the target markets.Through their contacts, market insight and scale of operation, they substitute the assortments of the products made by the producers into assortments treasured by consumers. Producers make narrow assortments of the products in large quantities, but consumers want broad assortments of the products in small quantities. Marketing channel members buy larger quantities of the products from the producers and break them into small quantities and broader assortments wanted by consumers. So, intermediaries play an important role in matching the supply and demand in the market. LOCATIONSThe post for the sale of the product is analogous to distribution center. A distribution center for a set of products is a store or other specialized building, often with refrigeration or air conditioning, which is stocked with products (goods) to be re-distributed to retailers, to wholesalers or directly to consumers A distribution center can also be called a warehouse, a DC, a fulfillment center, a cross-dock facility, a bulk break center, and a package handling center. The name by which the distribution center is known is commonly based on the purpose of the operation.Distribution centers are the foundation of a supply network as they tolerate a single location to stock a vast number of products. Some organizations operate both retail distribution and direct-to-consumer out of a single facility, sharing space, equipment, labor resources and history as applicable. How a distribution center operates? The way a regular retail distribution network operates is to have centers set up throughout a commercial market. Suppliers will ship truckloads of products to the distribution center. The distribution center will then store the product until needed by the retail location and ship the proper quantity.Many retailers own and run their own distribution networks, while smaller retailers may outsource this function to dedicated logistics firms that devise the distribution of products for a number of companies. A distribution center can be co-located at a logistics center. Storage at distribution center Another important secondary role of distribution center is storage. Many retailers have prioritized having as many items in stock at one time as possible. To conserve space, minimize arsenal costs, and maximize the variety they offer the retail might only stock one or a few items of a particular product.This requires the ability to ship a backup man quickly once an item is sold. By keeping product on hand in the distribution center, the retailer can ship a reclamation almost immediately after a product is sold. Storage location and storage containers Goods (products) arrive and are stored in a distribution center in varying types of storage locations and containers suited to the product characteristics and the measuring of product to be transported or stored. These types of locations and containers have specific industry accepted names. There are specialized and various types of containers.The following is a list of some of the na mes and characteristics of common storage containers Intermodal containers (shipping containers) are used for the efficient transportation of goods. There are standards that fructify the volume and dimensions of containers to facilitate efficient handling. Pallets- are one of the most commonly used basals to store and move product in a distribution center. Pallets are stored on the floor, may be stacked, and may be stored in pallet rack. Gaylords- are large single boxes usually connected or inclined to a pallet. Cases and Cartons- are boxes usually containing many items. In distribution centers there is a generally accepted distinction made between the terms cartonful and case although both are boxes. Goods are have and stored in cartons. Goods are shipped in cases. A stored carton is called a case once it has been picked or pulled for shipment. Totes- are reusable containers used to hold and transport goods. bloodline Inventory or stock means a list compiled for some formal purpose, a list of goods and materials to the goods and materials themselves, especially those held available in stock by a business.Manufacturers, distributors, and wholesalers parentage tends to cluster in warehouses. Retailers inventory may exist in a warehouse or in a shop or store accessible to customers. Reasons for keeping stock There are three basic reasons for keeping an inventory 1. Time The time lags present in the supply chain, from supplier to user at every stage, requires that you maintain certain amounts of inventory to use in this lead time. 2. Uncertainty Inventories are maintained as buffers to attain uncertainties in demand, supply and movements of goods. 3.Economies of scale Ideal condition of one unit at a time at a place where a user needs it, when he needs it principle tends to get under ones skin lots of costs in terms of logistics. So bulk buying, movement and storing brings in economies of scale, thus inventory. While the reasons for holding stock we re covered earlier, most manufacturing organizations usually divide their goods for sale inventory into Raw materials- materials and components plan for use in making a product. contrive in process, WIP- materials and components that have begun their transformation to finished goods. completed goods- goods ready for sale to customers. Goods for resale returned goods that are salable. Inventory coun selling Inventory circumspection involves a retailer desire to acquire and maintain a proper merchandise assortment while ordering, shipping, handling, and related costs are kept in check. Systems and processes that identify inventory requirements, set targets, provide replenishment techniques and report actual and project inventory status. The improvement of inventory management has two parts the capability of the organization to manage inventory, and the way in which it chooses to do so.For example, a company may wish to install a complex inventory system, but unless there is a g ood thought of the role of inventory and its parameters, and an effective business process to support that, the system cannot bring the necessary benefits to the organization in isolation. concern of the inventories, with the primary objective of find/controlling stock levels within the physical distribution function to balance the need for product availability against the need for minimizing stock holding and handling costs. merchant marineTransport or transportation is the movement of people and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, rail, road, water, cable, pipeline, and space. The field can be divided into base of operations, vehicles, and operations. Transportation al-Qaida Transport infrastructure consists of the fixed installations necessary for transport, and may be roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals and pipelines, and terminals such as airports, railway stations, bus stations, warehouses, trucking terminals, refueling depots (inc luding fueling docks and fuel stations), and seaports.Terminals may be used both for interchange of passengers and pack and for maintenance. Vehicles traveling on these networks may include automobiles, bicycles, buses, trains, trucks, people, helicopters, and aircraft. trading operations deal with the way the vehicles are operated, and the procedures set for this purpose including financing, legalities and policies. In the transport industry, operations and ownership of infrastructure can be either public or private, depending on the country and mode. LOGISTICSLogistics can be sort as an enterprise planning framework for material management, information, service and capital flows. In the words, logistics can be defined as having the right type of product or service at the right place, at the right time, for a right price and in the right condition. The primary goal of the logistics is to effectively manage the product life cycles and resultant efficiency. Logistics does not mean a single work activity but refers to a group of activities performed to attain the goal of a business enterprise that is maximizing the Profits.This may involve steps like purchasing, planning, coordination, transportation, warehousing, distribution and customer service. Logistics management Logistics management is that part of the supply chain which plans, implements and controls the efficient, effective forward and reverse flow and storage of goods, services and related information between the point of inauguration and the point of consumption in order to meet customer and legal requirements. A professional work in the field of logistics management is called a logistician.Logistics management is known by many names, the most common are as follows Materials Management Channel Management Distribution (or Physical Distribution) Business or Logistics Management or Supply Chain Management PLACE MIX_K K chicken products are available at K Chicken Stores and leading retailers and also delivered to quality and food-safety conscious institutions such as hotels, restaurants, airlines, clubs and international restaurant chains. It has a strong supply chain through its distribution channels. In Pakistan K is operating in more than 35 cities.There is very miscellanea in its distribution. We take the example of Islamabad metropolis . In Islamabad there are many stores as well as retailers in every sector, and only in I-8 there is one K store and 17 retailers shops. DISTRIBUTION OF crop After the development of product, product should be distributed into the market for the satisfaction and attraction of our consumers. The products play a vital role in the availability of their services to attract the customers. How to Distribute Product to Retailers K follows the following ways to distribute product to retailers treat Directly to Retailers Sell through distributors, which sell a broad rake of products to many retailers Sell through captive distributors, which sell a broad range of products to one chain of retailers. Sell through distributors, which sell to targeted customers. Distribution Channel of Product The distribution channel of our product is indirect marketing channel because this channel contains one or more intermediary levels. Cities in which products are available In Pakistan, K chicken is available in the following cities. Abbottabad, Bahawalpur, Chakwal, Chiniot, Daska, D. G. han, Dharki, Dina, Faisalabad, Farooqabad, Gujar khan, Gujranwala, Gujrat, Hyderabad, Islamabad, Jaranwala, Jhelum, Kabirwala, Kamra, Karachi, Khanewal, Kharian, Lahore, Lalamusa, Larkana, Machi ghot , Mangla, Mansehra, Mardan, MirpurAJK, Mirpur Methelo, Mirpurkhas, Multan, Murree, Noshehroferoz, Nawabshah, Noshehra, Okara, Panu Aqil, Peshawar, Pitaro, Quetta, Raiwind, Rawalpindi, Rahimyarkhan, Risalpur, Sadiqabad, Sahiwal, Sargodha, Shorkot, Sialkot, Sukkar, Tandoadam and Wah cant. Promotion Strategies Promotion is the activity in which the company has a c hance to interact with its customers.To agitate K uses different promotional tools. These tools include advertisements, sale promotions, public traffic, personal selling and direct marketing. Advertisements It uses illuminating advertize because it is mostly used when introducing a new product. The objective of it is to build primary demand. It will use the persuasive advertising when it has a competition in the market. Sales Promotions In sales promotions it uses different discount strategies, giving short term incentives in order to increase its sales.It also introduces sponsorships, memberships and discount coupons. shareships K also offers memberships to its customers. The Ks behavior participation membership is free. One can accede by just filling the form, dog submit and simply print the unpredictable Card. fleeting card Having enrolled as a new club member, you can use your Temporary card to earn points with immediate effect. Please remember to always present this Temporary Card while shopping at K&Ns Chicken Store for points credit into your club account. Club card and pinAlong with your club element card, you will also receive a 5-digit immobilize (Personal Identification Number). You will need this PIN (along with your club card number) to enquire about your account balance update your individual club profile online, and for all other club online services. As a new member, it is important to know you cannot use our online services, nor redeem your points, until you have received your PIN. One can also enroll oneself by filling out the Enrolment mold available at all K&Ns Chicken Stores and send it to the company.One has to detach The Ks Way Club Temporary Card and retain it. After becoming the member, K&Ns offers different discounts, exclusive privileges and other benefits to its members when they collect points. The more they collect, the more they benefit. As a member every time you shop at any K&Ns Chicken Store in Pakistan, you earn valuable points which can be redeemed for free K&Ns products. Number of points Number of points gain is directly related to purchase amount, K product category and your status within The Ks Way Club. You earn 2. 50 status and mete out points for every Rs. 0/- spent on full-length Chicken, Designer Cuts and By-Parts. For Boneless products you earn 3. 50 points, while for Ready-to-Cook, Fully Cooked and Deli Line Products you earn 5 points for the same amount spent. Your club status determines whether you will be able to enjoy additional benefits and privileges associated with Silver, metallic or muckle status within The K&Ns Way Club Program. apportion points Award points are earned every time you shop at a K&Ns Chicken Store. As the name suggests, present points can be exchanged for awards, such as free K&Ns products and special discounts.Award points can also be earned against special Ks product offers and promotions from time to time. Award points do not count towards deter mining club status. Status points Status points are earned simultaneously with award points every time you shop at a K&Ns Chicken Store. As the name suggests, status points determine club status and enable you to move towards and/or retain the higher Silver, Gold or rotary converter status. Certain limited time promotions or special offers may be excluded from status points accrual. administrator giftA higher status of Silver, Gold or Circle within the Club also entitles you to an executive director support on award points earned, even for the same purchase amount. If you have Silver status, you earn 25%. Gold status entitles you to 50%, while Circle status gives you 100% administrator Bonus. Executive Bonus is not applicable on Status Points. Member Once you have reached 50 status points K&Ns welcomes you as a eternal Member of The K&Ns Way Club where a world of privileges, attractive awards and benefits are offered to the customers on their future shopping.Silver Attaining Silver status is easy and within reach. To start with, a customer has to earn 25% Executive Bonus award points on every purchase he makes, and enjoy a host of other privileges designed for the Silver members. Gold A customer has to earn required number of status points and he gets the Gold status The Ks Way Gold members get as much as 50% Executive Bonus award points on purchases, 6 discount eVouchers in a calendar year for attaining or extending the status each time, and other privileges designed only for the Gold members.Circle The K&Ns Way Circle status recognizes the loyalty of the exceptional customers. It offers these privileges as an expression of their utmost appreciation for the loyalty of their exclusive circle of such customers. For instance, if a customer treats himself to 100% Executive Bonus award points on his purchases, 12 discount eVouchers in a calendar year for attaining or maintaining the status each time and other privileges designed exclusively for their Circle members. Personal change It also promotes its product through personal selling.Personal selling is more effective than any other promotion strategy. Through personal communication, it is easy to persuade mortal to buy your product, because in personal selling there is a direct contact with the buyers. Public dealing To increase its sales it also ties good public relations. K&Ns develops its public relation by doing the work of social responsibility, like wishing happy Eid or wishing any other special event to the customers. Through Public relations it also creates a good word of mouth for the product which is the most efficient way of promoting a product.Direct Marketing In direct marketing K&Ns targets its customers through internet, telephone, print media and electronic media (television and communicate). Print Media It promotes its product through print media by advertising its product in newspapers and in different magazines. K&Ns adopts this type of advertising when it wan ts to introduce some new discount packages or sales offers. Other then advertising in newspapers and in magazines it also advertises its product on bill boards and banners. Electronic MediaTo promote its product through electronic media K&Ns advertises its product on different television channels and on radio stations. To make its product information more convenient and easy it provides its website and 24 hours toll free numbers, through which the customers can contact and also give feedback about the product. The website of K&Ns is http//www. kandns. com Promotion for kids To make its products favorite among kids, K&Ns introduced a product called Fun Nuggets. It has designed special advertisements for children.As kids are more attracted by cartoons, K&Ns has used cartoon characters like dinosaurs, dolphins and ducks and have given them special names like Din Din, Dolf and pet to make their products familiar with kids. K&Ns Cooking show To promote its product, K&Ns has now brought a dedicated cooking show for quick recipes with answers to all viewers how do you do that questions, and facilitative tips all at Smart Cooking with Ks Chef Mehboob Khan is the name consumers trust and count on for veritable and tasteful recipes.People can now watch him use a wide range of K&Ns chicken products for easy-to-prepare recipes like Lahori Karahi, Chicken Ala Kiev, or Fajita Wraps. Smart Cooking with K&Ns is aired on every Saturday 630pm, Sunday 400pm and Wednesday 200pm, on ARY Zauq. In this winter, to promote its products, K has now offered discounts on its products like Croquettes and chapli kabab. Similarly, in Ramazan, K offered its members to get 50% bonus award points on all of its products. In the same way, it had offered its members price discounts on Haray Bharay Nuggets and affectionate Pops in Ramazan.Other then the print and electronic media the cheapest way to promote the product is through Short put across service They have a contract with different ce llular companies where they will send K promotional messages to their special numbers. K face book knave K has also created face book varlet. Now-a-days, many companies, designers and artists are making their fan pages on face book for the advertisements of their products. People go on these pages, escort about the products, give their comments, resolve their queries and recommend these pages to their friends.In the same way, K has made its face book page to advertise its products. Its face book link is http//www. facebook. com/pages/KNs-Chicken/120891524596651 Promotion Budget To allocate budget for the promotion strategies K uses objective and task method. According to this method first it defines its promotion objectives, that why are they promoting their product? After that they determine different tasks to accomplish those objectives and at the end they estimate the cost utilized in perform these tasks. PRODUCT POSITIONINGIt is the evaluation of a companys products position that what place it occupies in the market and how customers differentiate it from other products. Choosing spatial relation strategy To position the product different companies use different positioning strategies. Major competitors Major competitors of K and N are Kitchen confidence. Mano Salva, seasons canolas menu Locally available chicken Kitchen Confidence basically produces frozen products like Chicken Nuggets. Burger Patties, Meat balls, Samosa,Rolls etc. Recently co. has started non frozen item i. e. Bread Crumbs.Salwa Foods offers an assortment of deep frozen food products for both retailers and food service. The assortment ranges from basic standard products to highly refined ready-made products. Salwa foods have launched its ready to cook items under the name of Mano Salwa. lenifys canola has launched its range of ready to cook food items with the name of menu. But the largest of the competitors that was a challenge to K and N was the locally available chicken in the m arket. It had the stereotypic advantage of being truly Halal and cheap than any kind of chicken available in packets in frozen form.Competitive Advantages Following are the competitive advantages that make it different K & N from rest of its competitors. Product Differentiation We offer a pack of four. Each separately wrapped in butter paper, combined packed in sealed plastic bags that are safe for health, and then finally packed in the box. Service Differentiation Our product will be accessible and will be available at every outlet of K. Channel speciality In Pakistan K is operating in more than 35 cities. There is very diversity in its distribution. We take the example of Islamabad city .In Islamabad there are many stores as well as retailers in every sector, and only in I-8 there is one K store and 17retailers shops. People differentiation Technology is highly involved in the production so we will lease trained staff, those who knows how to operate the machines. We also hire qu alified staff in order to see to it healthy relationship between customers and retailers. Image differentiation Since our product comes under K brand name hence a good image will be casted over the consumers. Also K is a symbol of quality hence will mechanically be recognized as a quality product.Product Chain K are enjoying their own product chain. They have their own breading and poultry forms, from where they get there raw material for their product. Choosing the right competitive advantage Important We deliver highly valued benefits to our target customers in our products. Distinctive we have no strong competitor and enjoy distinctiveness in the market. splendid we are providing pure hygienic food in at comparable prices. Communicable the consumers can feel the difference in our quality, taste, hygiene and prices that are communicable. pre-emptive competitor needs a lot and lot of hard work to match our standard else it is not possible. Affordable Buyer can afford to pay for the difference. Profitable the difference is profitable both for the company and the customers. Selecting an overall positioning strategy Our overall positioning strategy will be focused on More for Less winning value proposition i. e. will offer more quality at less price range and we will focus on the needs and wants of target customers in order to give high customer value and satisfaction POSITIONING STATEMENTTo target the teenagers, working women, hostilities and bachelors, we offer, a ready to eat hot and spicy paratha, with high quality, affordability and accessibility. resultant We have come to a conclusion that K is the most superior and famous quality delivering company. Its Promotion through advertising is highly frequent on different TV channels. It has differentiated itself from its competitors by having highly trained sales person with different discount allowances and coupons. It has developed strong bonds with its customers. It